Abstract
Alternaria leaf spot, a fungal disease affecting apple production globally, incurs significant economic losses annually. The pathogenic fungus, A. alternata f. sp . mali (ALT), produces the host-specific AM-toxin and secretory proteins, which disrupt plant metabolism, leading to increased defoliation, fruit drop, compromised fruit quality, and reduced production. In this study, we isolated eight novel ALT strains from Fuji apple leaves exhibiting leaf spot. The most aggressive strain, ALT7, was identified. To determine ALT7 secretory proteins, LC-MS analysis was performed, which showed that three secreted proteins were detected: AaAO (alcohol oxidase), AaPDE (alkaline phosphatase), and AaABC (ATP-binding cassette transporter). Agrobacterium -mediated transgenesis confirmed the extracellular localization of GFP-fused AaAO, AaABC, and AaPDE. To investigate their function, we used fungal transgenesis. Overexpression of AaABC , AaAO , and AaPDE in ALT7 increased its pathogenicity. Conversely, knocking them down decreased ALT7 pathogenicity. Additionally, AaABC was found to facilitate the secretion of AaAO and AaPDE. And AaAO and AaPDE facilitate plant susceptibility by degrading plant cell walls, while AaABC plays a crucial role in their transport, thereby participating in the plant pathogenic process. In conclusion, our findings suggest that AaABC in A. alternata f. sp. mali mediates the secretion of toxic proteins AaAO and AaPDE.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Eight novel ALT strains were isolated from Fuji apple leaves exhibiting leaf spot.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated eight novel ALT strains from Fuji apple leaves exhibiting leaf spot”
Claim · model-written summary
The most aggressive strain, ALT7, was identified.
Verbatim
t0“Alternaria alternate f. sp. mali ALT7”
e0“The most aggressive strain, ALT7, was identified”
Claim · model-written summary
LC-MS detected three ALT7 secreted proteins: AaAO, AaPDE and AaABC.
Verbatim
t0“Alternaria alternate f. sp. mali ALT7”
e0“three secreted proteins were detected: AaAO (alcohol oxidase), AaPDE (alkaline phosphatase), and AaABC (ATP-binding cassette transporter)”
Claim · model-written summary
Agrobacterium-mediated transgenesis confirmed the extracellular localization of GFP-fused AaAO, AaABC and AaPDE.
Verbatim
t0“Alternaria alternate f. sp. mali ALT7”
e0“confirmed the extracellular localization of GFP-fused AaAO, AaABC, and AaPDE”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of AaABC, AaAO and AaPDE in ALT7 increased its pathogenicity.
- Taxon
- ALT7e0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of AaABC , AaAO , and AaPDEe0
- Gene
- AaABC , AaAO , and AaPDEe0
- Outcome
- pathogenicitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of AaABC , AaAO , and AaPDE in ALT7 increased its pathogenicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Knocking down AaABC, AaAO and AaPDE decreased ALT7 pathogenicity.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Conversely, knocking them down decreased ALT7 pathogenicity”
Claim · model-written summary
AaABC facilitates the secretion of AaAO and AaPDE.
Verbatim
t0“Alternaria alternate f. sp. mali ALT7”
e0“AaABC was found to facilitate the secretion of AaAO and AaPDE”
Claim · model-written summary
AaAO and AaPDE facilitate plant susceptibility by degrading plant cell walls.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat1 - Gene
- AaAO and AaPDEe0
- Outcome
- plant susceptibilitye0
- Qualifier
- degrading plant cell wallse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“apple”
e0“AaAO and AaPDE facilitate plant susceptibility by degrading plant cell walls”