Abstract
In the present study, various combinations of newer generation insecticides and azadirachtin were tested and among them, chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamide and novaluron followed by emamectin benzoate were found to be equally effective in reducing the inflorescence and pod damage by Maruca vitrata in cowpea. The treatments in which botanicals were alternated with insecticides i.e., azadirachtin followed by chlorantraniliprole and azadirachtin followed by novaluron were found to be on par in efficacy with chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamide and novaluron followed by emamectin benzoate. Natural enemy population i.e., wasp, spider and coccinellids was more in plots received no insecticide sprays. Next to these, azadirachtin included treatments have recorded more natural enemy population. In insecticides sprayed plots, wasps were not noticed but spiders were found here and there. High yield was recorded in the treatment, chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamide with high BC ratio followed by novaluron followed by emamectin benzoate. Treatments in which azadirachtin was alternated with newer insecticides, BC ratio was slightly lower than the chemicals alone sprayed treatments. However, combining the sprays of novel insecticides with azadirachtin was proved to be ecologically safe as these treatments supported natural enemy population.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamide reduced inflorescence and pod damage by Maruca vitrata in cowpea, equally effective as novaluron followed by emamectin benzoate.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamidee0
- Interactor
- Maruca vitrata
Maruca vitratae0pest - Outcome
- inflorescence and pod damagee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- equally effectivee0
- Comparator
- novaluron followed by emamectin benzoatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infesting Cowpea”
e0“chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamide and novaluron followed by emamectin benzoate were found to be equally effective in reducing the inflorescence and pod damage by Maruca vitrata in cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Novaluron followed by emamectin benzoate reduced inflorescence and pod damage by Maruca vitrata in cowpea, equally effective as chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamide.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- novaluron followed by emamectin benzoatee0
- Interactor
- Maruca vitrataMaruca vitratae0pest
- Outcome
- inflorescence and pod damagee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- equally effectivee0
- Comparator
- chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infesting Cowpea”
e0“chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamide and novaluron followed by emamectin benzoate were found to be equally effective in reducing the inflorescence and pod damage by Maruca vitrata in cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin followed by chlorantraniliprole was on par in efficacy with chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamide.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- azadirachtin followed by chlorantraniliprolee1
- Outcome
- efficacye1
- Direction
- on pare1
- Comparator
- chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamidee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infesting Cowpea”
e1“The treatments in which botanicals were alternated with insecticides i.e., azadirachtin followed by chlorantraniliprole and azadirachtin followed by novaluron were found to be on par in efficacy with chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamide and novaluron followed by emamectin benzoate”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin followed by novaluron was on par in efficacy with novaluron followed by emamectin benzoate.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- azadirachtin followed by novalurone1
- Outcome
- efficacye1
- Direction
- on pare1
- Comparator
- novaluron followed by emamectin benzoatee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infesting Cowpea”
e1“The treatments in which botanicals were alternated with insecticides i.e., azadirachtin followed by chlorantraniliprole and azadirachtin followed by novaluron were found to be on par in efficacy with chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamide and novaluron followed by emamectin benzoate”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamide gave the high cowpea yield.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamidee2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- Highe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infesting Cowpea”
e2“High yield was recorded in the treatment, chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamide with high BC ratio followed by novaluron followed by emamectin benzoate”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamide had a high BC ratio.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamidee2
- Outcome
- BC ratioe2
- Direction
- highe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infesting Cowpea”
e2“High yield was recorded in the treatment, chlorantraniliprole followed by flubendiamide with high BC ratio followed by novaluron followed by emamectin benzoate”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin alternated with newer insecticides gave a slightly lower BC ratio than the chemical-only sprayed treatments.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- azadirachtin was alternated with newer insecticidese3
- Outcome
- BC ratioe3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Qualifier
- slightlye3
- Comparator
- chemicals alone sprayed treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infesting Cowpea”
e3“Treatments in which azadirachtin was alternated with newer insecticides, BC ratio was slightly lower than the chemicals alone sprayed treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural enemy population was higher in cowpea plots without insecticide sprays than in insecticide-sprayed plots.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- no insecticide sprayse4
- Interactor
- Natural enemye4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- natural enemy populatione4
- Direction
- moree4
- Qualifier
- wasp, spider and coccinellidse4
- Comparator
- insecticides sprayed plotse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infesting Cowpea”
e4“Natural enemy population i.e., wasp, spider and coccinellids was more in plots received no insecticide sprays”
e6“In insecticides sprayed plots, wasps were not noticed but spiders were found here and there”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin-included treatments had a higher natural enemy population.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- azadirachtin included treatmentse5
- Interactor
- natural enemye5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- natural enemy populatione5
- Direction
- moree5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infesting Cowpea”
e5“azadirachtin included treatments have recorded more natural enemy population”
Claim · model-written summary
Wasps were not noticed in insecticide-sprayed cowpea plots.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- insecticides sprayed plotse6
- Outcome
- waspse6
- Qualifier
- not noticede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infesting Cowpea”
e6“In insecticides sprayed plots, wasps were not noticed but spiders were found here and there”
Claim · model-written summary
Spiders were found here and there in insecticide-sprayed cowpea plots.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- insecticides sprayed plotse6
- Outcome
- spiderse6
- Qualifier
- found here and theree6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infesting Cowpea”
e6“In insecticides sprayed plots, wasps were not noticed but spiders were found here and there”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining novel insecticides with azadirachtin was ecologically safe, supporting natural enemy population.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- combining the sprays of novel insecticides with azadirachtine7
- Outcome
- natural enemy populatione7
- Direction
- supportede7
- Qualifier
- ecologically safee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infesting Cowpea”
e7“combining the sprays of novel insecticides with azadirachtin was proved to be ecologically safe as these treatments supported natural enemy population”
The same questions in other papers
novaluron · Maruca vitrata · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
chlorantraniliprole · control · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
azadirachtin · pest · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
flubendiamide · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
emamectin benzoate · Maruca vitrata · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
flubendiamide · Maruca vitrata · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
chlorantraniliprole · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →chlorantraniliprole · Maruca vitrata · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.