Abstract
Interactions between plants and their endophytes alter their metabolic functions and ability to cope with abiotic stresses. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the species diversity and functions of endophytes in Cyperus esculentus var. sativus (CES) tubers under different heavy metal stress conditions. The results indicated that the number of observed endophytic species in the tubers increased under heavy metal stress (p < 0.05), leading to changes in species diversity and composition. The response of tuber endophytes to different metal concentrations varied, with certain endophytic bacteria and fungi, such as Pseudomonas, Novosphingobium, and Fusarium, showing increased abundance and becoming the dominant species in the tubers. Additionally, new endophytic genera, Actinophytocola and Monosporascus, emerged at specific metal concentrations (p < 0.05). Fatty acid salvage was enriched in the endophytes of CES, which may play an important role in assisting CES in responding to multiple heavy metal stresses. These findings showed that CES tuber endophytes undergo adaptive changes to support the ability of plants to cope with heavy metal stress.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metal stress increased the number of observed tuber endophyte species.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus var. sativus
Cyperus esculentus var. sativust0 - Treatment
- heavy metal stresse0
- Interactor
- endophytic speciese0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of observed endophytic species in the tuberse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of observed endophytic species in the tubers increased under heavy metal stress (p < 0.05)”
t0“Cyperus esculentus var. sativus”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metal stress changed tuber endophyte diversity and composition.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus var. sativusCyperus esculentus var. sativust0
- Treatment
- heavy metal stresse0
- Interactor
- endophytic speciese1symbiont
- Outcome
- species diversity and compositione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased under heavy metal stress (p < 0.05), leading to changes in species diversity and composition”
e1“the number of observed endophytic species in the tubers increased under heavy metal stress (p < 0.05)”
t0“Cyperus esculentus var. sativus”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas abundance increased and it became dominant in tubers at some metal concentrations.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase0 - Outcome
- abundancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- different metal concentrationse1
- Setting
- tuberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas, Novosphingobium, and Fusarium, showing increased abundance and becoming the dominant species in the tubers”
e1“The response of tuber endophytes to different metal concentrations varied”
t0“Cyperus esculentus var. sativus”
Claim · model-written summary
Novosphingobium abundance increased and it became dominant in tubers at some metal concentrations.
- Taxon
- NovosphingobiumNovosphingobiume0
- Outcome
- abundancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- different metal concentrationse1
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas, Novosphingobium, and Fusarium, showing increased abundance and becoming the dominant species in the tubers”
e1“different metal concentrations”
t0“Cyperus esculentus var. sativus”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium abundance increased and it became dominant in tubers at some metal concentrations.
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas, Novosphingobium, and Fusarium, showing increased abundance and becoming the dominant species in the tubers”
e1“different metal concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinophytocola emerged at specific metal concentrations.
- Taxon
- ActinophytocolaActinophytocolae0
- Outcome
- emergede0
- Qualifier
- specific metal concentrationse0
Verbatim
e0“new endophytic genera, Actinophytocola and Monosporascus, emerged at specific metal concentrations (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Monosporascus emerged at specific metal concentrations.
- Taxon
- MonosporascusMonosporascuse0
- Outcome
- emergede0
- Qualifier
- specific metal concentrationse0
Verbatim
e0“new endophytic genera, Actinophytocola and Monosporascus, emerged at specific metal concentrations (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fatty acid salvage was enriched in CES endophytes and may assist heavy metal stress response.
Verbatim
e0“Fatty acid salvage was enriched in the endophytes of CES, which may play an important role in assisting CES in responding to multiple heavy metal stresses.”
t0“Cyperus esculentus var. sativus”