Abstract
Verticillium wilt , a serious fungal disease affecting cotton, is often referred to as the "cancer of cotton" due to its severe impact on cotton yield and quality. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are known to boost crop resistance to diseases, but their effectiveness against cotton's Verticillium wilt is not well understood. To address this gap, this study assessed the impacts of ZnO-NPs on cotton growth, physiological responses , and transcriptomic profiles following inoculation with Verticillium dahliae . The inhibitory effect of ZnO-NPs on Verticillium dahliae was concentration-dependent, and the inhibitory effect increased with increasing concentrations of ZnO-NPs, with 200 mg·L −1 being the most effectiver, reducing the disease index by 36.16 % compared to the control treatment (0 mg·L −1 ). Compared with no treatment, ZnO-NPs treatment reduced the levels of H 2 O 2 , O 2 - in roots and leaves, and malondialdehyde at 48 hours post-inoculation, and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase . The application of ZnO-NPs also increased the activities of defense-related enzymes in cotton, including phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase , and β-1,3-glucanase. The ZnO-NPs treatment resulted in a significant increase in lignin content and various hormone levels (auxin, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid , and melatonin) in the roots, while concurrently reducing ethylene levels. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that ZnO-NPs can enhance cotton’s resistance to Verticillium wilt by regulating genes involved in immune responses, antioxidant activities , plant-pathogen interactions, MAPK signaling, hormone signaling, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways, thereby increasing resistance to. These findings indicate that ZnO-NPs at the optimal concentration of 200 mg·L -1 could serve as an effective nanopesticides for managing Verticillium wilt in cotton.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticle inhibition of V. dahliae increased with concentration.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- increasing concentrations of ZnO-NPse0
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee0pathogen - Outcome
- inhibitory effect of ZnO-NPs on Verticillium dahliaee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effect of ZnO-NPs on Verticillium dahliae was concentration-dependent, and the inhibitory effect increased with increasing concentrations of ZnO-NPs”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 mg·L −1, ZnO nanoparticles reduced the cotton disease index by 36.16% against zero dose.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 200 mg·L −1e0
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- disease indexe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 36.16 %e0
- Comparator
- control treatment (0 mg·L −1 )e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with 200 mg·L −1 being the most effectiver, reducing the disease index by 36.16 % compared to the control treatment (0 mg·L −1 )”
t0“cotton”
e2“inoculation with Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles reduced H2O2 and O2- in cotton roots and leaves 48 hours after inoculation.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPs treatmente0
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- levels of H 2 O 2 , O 2 -e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 48 hours post-inoculatione0
- Comparator
- no treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with no treatment, ZnO-NPs treatment reduced the levels of H 2 O 2 , O 2 - in roots and leaves, and malondialdehyde at 48 hours post-inoculation”
t0“cotton”
e2“inoculation with Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles reduced malondialdehyde 48 hours after inoculation.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPs treatmente0
- Outcome
- malondialdehydee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 48 hours post-inoculatione0
- Comparator
- no treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with no treatment, ZnO-NPs treatment reduced the levels of H 2 O 2 , O 2 - in roots and leaves, and malondialdehyde at 48 hours post-inoculation”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPs treatmente2
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase and catalasee0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase and catalasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase .”
t0“cotton”
e2“ZnO-NPs treatment reduced the levels”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase and β-1,3-glucanase activities.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- application of ZnO-NPse0
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase , and β-1,3-glucanasee0
- Outcome
- activities of defense-related enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of ZnO-NPs also increased the activities of defense-related enzymes in cotton, including phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase , and β-1,3-glucanase.”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles significantly increased lignin in cotton roots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPs treatmente0
- Outcome
- lignin contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ZnO-NPs treatment resulted in a significant increase in lignin content and various hormone levels (auxin, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid , and melatonin) in the roots, while concurrently reducing ethylene levels.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles significantly increased auxin, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and melatonin levels in roots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPs treatmente0
- Outcome
- hormone levels (auxin, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid , and melatonin)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ZnO-NPs treatment resulted in a significant increase in lignin content and various hormone levels (auxin, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid , and melatonin) in the roots, while concurrently reducing ethylene levels.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles reduced ethylene levels.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPs treatmente0
- Outcome
- ethylene levelse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ZnO-NPs treatment resulted in a significant increase in lignin content and various hormone levels (auxin, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid , and melatonin) in the roots, while concurrently reducing ethylene levels.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptomics implicated immune, antioxidant, pathogen interaction, MAPK, hormone and phenylpropanoid genes in ZnO-mediated resistance.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPse0
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Gene
- genes involved in immune responses, antioxidant activities , plant-pathogen interactions, MAPK signaling, hormone signaling, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathwayse0
- Outcome
- resistance to Verticillium wilte0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptomic analysis revealed that ZnO-NPs can enhance cotton’s resistance to Verticillium wilt by regulating genes involved in immune responses, antioxidant activities , plant-pathogen interactions, MAPK signaling, hormone signaling, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways”
e1“inoculation with Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose 200 mg·L -1 ZnO nanoparticles for cotton wilt management.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPs at the optimal concentration of 200 mg·L -1e0
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- effective nanopesticides for managing Verticillium wilte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO-NPs at the optimal concentration of 200 mg·L -1 could serve as an effective nanopesticides for managing Verticillium wilt in cotton.”
e1“inoculation with Verticillium dahliae”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.