Abstract
Knowledge of the yield of short-season crops under insufficient irrigation is of particular importance for regions that face water deficit during the plant growth period. This experiment was carried out by investigating the effects of organic and biological fertilizers on the growth, yield and water use efficiency of mung bean plants under water deficit conditions and the traits affecting grain yield. Experiment treatments including irrigation at three levels (100, 80 and 60% of water requirement (WR)), organic fertilizer (0 and 16 and 24 t/ha manure) and biofertilizer (control, Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and enterobacter (EB)). In stress and non-stressed conditions, the application of AM and organic fertilizer has increased the number of seeds and the number of plant pods. The highest weight of one hundred seeds was obtained in the condition of 80% WR and application of organic and biological fertilizer. The number of primary branches was higher with the use of EB, but the highest number of secondary branches was observed in the plant with AM. The highest plant height, biological yield and seed were observed in the condition of 100% WR and 24 t/ha of organic fertilizer and application of AM and EB. The highest water use efficiency was obtained with irrigation of 80% WR and application of AM and 24 t/ha of organic fertilizer, as well as irrigation of 60% WR and application of AM and 24 t/ha of organic fertilizer. The use of organic fertilizer along with biofertilizers in stress conditions has increased the measured traits, and this increase was more in severe stress with AM than EB fertilizer. The results of the path analysis showed that the weight of one hundred seeds, the number of seeds in the pod and biological yield are the most direct effects on seed yield.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
AM and organic fertilizer increased seed and pod numbers under stressed and non-stressed conditions.
- Taxon
- mung bean
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Vigna radiatae1 - Treatment
- application of AM and organic fertilizere0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- the number of seeds and the number of plant podse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- In stress and non-stressed conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In stress and non-stressed conditions, the application of AM and organic fertilizer has increased the number of seeds and the number of plant pods.”
e1“mung bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hundred-seed weight was highest at 80% WR with organic and biological fertilizer.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- 80% WR and application of organic and biological fertilizere0
- Outcome
- weight of one hundred seedse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest weight of one hundred seeds was obtained in the condition of 80% WR and application of organic and biological fertilizer.”
e1“mung bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EB increased primary branch number.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- use of EBe0
- Interactor
- EBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of primary branchese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of primary branches was higher with the use of EB”
e1“mung bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AM produced the highest secondary branch number.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- AMe0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of secondary branchese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest number of secondary branches was observed in the plant with AM.”
e1“mung bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height, biological yield and seed were highest at 100% WR, 24 t/ha organic fertilizer and AM and EB application.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- 100% WR and 24 t/ha of organic fertilizer and application of AM and EBe0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- EBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant height, biological yield and seede0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest plant height, biological yield and seed were observed in the condition of 100% WR and 24 t/ha of organic fertilizer and application of AM and EB.”
e1“mung bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency was highest at 80% WR with AM and 24 t/ha organic fertilizer.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- irrigation of 80% WR and application of AM and 24 t/ha of organic fertilizere0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest water use efficiency was obtained with irrigation of 80% WR and application of AM and 24 t/ha of organic fertilizer, as well as irrigation of 60% WR and application of AM and 24 t/ha of organic fertilizer.”
e1“mung bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency was also highest at 60% WR with AM and 24 t/ha organic fertilizer.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- irrigation of 60% WR and application of AM and 24 t/ha of organic fertilizere0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest water use efficiency was obtained with irrigation of 80% WR and application of AM and 24 t/ha of organic fertilizer, as well as irrigation of 60% WR and application of AM and 24 t/ha of organic fertilizer.”
e1“mung bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer with biofertilizers increased measured traits under stress, with greater increases for AM than EB under severe stress.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer along with biofertilizerse0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- EBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- measured traitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- this increase was more in severe stress with AM than EB fertilizere0
- Comparator
- EBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of organic fertilizer along with biofertilizers in stress conditions has increased the measured traits, and this increase was more in severe stress with AM than EB fertilizer.”
e1“mung bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Path analysis identified hundred-seed weight, seeds per pod and biological yield as the strongest direct contributors to seed yield.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Qualifier
- the weight of one hundred seeds, the number of seeds in the pod and biological yielde0
Not reportedTreatmentDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results of the path analysis showed that the weight of one hundred seeds, the number of seeds in the pod and biological yield are the most direct effects on seed yield.”
e1“mung bean plants”
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