Abstract
This study coupled precision agriculture with agroecology to improve the agricultural systems’ sustainability in a climate variability context, characterized by fewer rainy days and more extreme events. A three-year comparative analysis was carried out in a durum wheat rotation, divided into two plots of 2.5 ha each, one managed with conventional methods (CP, sunflower as intermediate crop) and another managed with an agroecological approach (AE, field bean as green manure crop), featuring prescription maps for site-specific mineral fertilization. The statistical analysis of durum wheat parameters, soil characteristics, and economic variables was conducted alongside the examination of climatic data. In AE soil, the exchangeable calcium was statistically different from CP soil (6044 mg kg−1 and 5660 mg kg−1, respectively). Cation exchange capacity was significantly higher in AE (32.7 meq 100 g−1), compared to CP (30.9 meq 100 g−1). In AE, wheat yield (2.36 t ha−1) was higher than in CP (2.07 t ha−1), despite extreme rainfall causing flooding in some parts of the AE plot. The economic balance was only 6% in favor of CP (EUR + 2157), confirming the AE approach’s resilience (EUR + 2027), despite the higher costs of cover cropping and site-specific fertilization. The novelty of integration between “smartish” precision agriculture and agroecology allows for sustainable management.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable calcium in soil was statistically different between AE and CP, 6044 versus 5660 mg kg-1.
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durume0 - Treatment
- agroecological approach (AE, field bean as green manure crop)e1
- Outcome
- exchangeable calciume2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 6044 mg kg−1 and 5660 mg kg−1e2
- Comparator
- conventional methods (CP, sunflower as intermediate crop)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“durum wheat rotation”
e1“one managed with conventional methods (CP, sunflower as intermediate crop) and another managed with an agroecological approach (AE, field bean as green manure crop)”
e2“In AE soil, the exchangeable calcium was statistically different from CP soil (6044 mg kg−1 and 5660 mg kg−1, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cation exchange capacity was significantly higher in AE (32.7 meq 100 g-1) than in CP (30.9 meq 100 g-1).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- agroecological approach (AE, field bean as green manure crop)e1
- Outcome
- Cation exchange capacitye2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 32.7 meq 100 g−1e2
- Comparator
- conventional methods (CP, sunflower as intermediate crop)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“durum wheat rotation”
e1“one managed with conventional methods (CP, sunflower as intermediate crop) and another managed with an agroecological approach (AE, field bean as green manure crop)”
e2“Cation exchange capacity was significantly higher in AE (32.7 meq 100 g−1), compared to CP (30.9 meq 100 g−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield was higher in AE (2.36 t ha-1) than in CP (2.07 t ha-1), despite extreme rainfall flooding parts of the AE plot.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- agroecological approach (AE, field bean as green manure crop)e1
- Outcome
- wheat yielde2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 2.36 t ha−1e2
- Qualifier
- despite extreme rainfall causing flooding in some parts of the AE plote2
- Comparator
- conventional methods (CP, sunflower as intermediate crop)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“durum wheat rotation”
e1“one managed with conventional methods (CP, sunflower as intermediate crop) and another managed with an agroecological approach (AE, field bean as green manure crop)”
e2“In AE, wheat yield (2.36 t ha−1) was higher than in CP (2.07 t ha−1), despite extreme rainfall causing flooding in some parts of the AE plot”
Claim · model-written summary
The economic balance was only 6% in favor of CP (EUR +2157), versus EUR +2027 for AE.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Outcome
- economic balancee1
- Direction
- in favor of CPe1
- Value
- 6%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“durum wheat rotation”
e1“The economic balance was only 6% in favor of CP (EUR + 2157), confirming the AE approach’s resilience (EUR + 2027)”
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