Abstract
Inoculating multifunctional microbial consortia offers potential benefits for enhancing plant growth and grain yield formation. This study verified the feasibility of inoculating soybean ( Glycine max ) seeds with multifunctional microbial consortia to improve soybean productivity. Seeds were inoculated with 12 combinations of inoculants [ Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B . diazoefficiens for biological N 2 fixation, Azospirillum brasilense for growth promotion via phytohormone release, Bacillus megaterium (= Priestia megaterium ) and B. subtilis for enhancing P uptake, and Trichoderma harzianum as biopesticide] and grown in BOD chamber, greenhouse, and field experiments. In the chamber, inoculated seeds were subjected to germination tests. In the greenhouse, inoculated seeds were sown in pots with nonsterile soil, and plant growth was monitored until the flowering stage. In the field, plants were cultivated until physiological maturity. Soil and plant samples were collected at three growth stages: vegetative, reproductive, and maturation. Measurements included shoot, root, nodules, grain masses, and grain yield, alongside analyses of seed N, P, lipid, protein, and carbohydrate contents. The highest number of microbial inputs and the inclusion of T. harzianum in the microbial consortia impeded seed germination, hindered initial vegetative growth, and decreased plant densities in the plots. Likely due to the crop’s plasticity and the stimulation of microorganisms, the initial setbacks did not affect grain yield and soybean grain lipid content. Therefore, inoculating multifunctional microbial consortia holds promise as a sustainable approach in agriculture. Still, care should be taken concerning an excessive number of inoculants composing the consortia.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Consortia with the most microbial inputs impeded soybean seed germination.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- highest number of microbial inputse0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- impedede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest number of microbial inputs and the inclusion of T. harzianum in the microbial consortia impeded seed germination, hindered initial vegetative growth, and decreased plant densities in the plots”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Consortia containing T. harzianum impeded soybean seed germination.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- inclusion of T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- impedede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest number of microbial inputs and the inclusion of T. harzianum in the microbial consortia impeded seed germination, hindered initial vegetative growth, and decreased plant densities in the plots”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High microbial input consortia hindered initial vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- highest number of microbial inputse0
- Outcome
- initial vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- hinderede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest number of microbial inputs and the inclusion of T. harzianum in the microbial consortia impeded seed germination, hindered initial vegetative growth, and decreased plant densities in the plots”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Including T. harzianum in consortia hindered initial vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- inclusion of T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- initial vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- hinderede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest number of microbial inputs and the inclusion of T. harzianum in the microbial consortia impeded seed germination, hindered initial vegetative growth, and decreased plant densities in the plots”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High microbial input consortia decreased plant densities.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- highest number of microbial inputse0
- Outcome
- plant densitiese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest number of microbial inputs and the inclusion of T. harzianum in the microbial consortia impeded seed germination, hindered initial vegetative growth, and decreased plant densities in the plots”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Including T. harzianum in consortia decreased plant densities.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- inclusion of T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant densitiese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest number of microbial inputs and the inclusion of T. harzianum in the microbial consortia impeded seed germination, hindered initial vegetative growth, and decreased plant densities in the plots”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Initial setbacks did not affect soybean grain yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- initial setbackse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the initial setbacks did not affect grain yield and soybean grain lipid content”
Claim · model-written summary
Initial setbacks did not affect soybean grain lipid content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- initial setbackse0
- Outcome
- grain lipid contente0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the initial setbacks did not affect grain yield and soybean grain lipid content”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors advise care with excessive numbers of inoculants in consortia.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- care should be taken concerning an excessive number of inoculantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“care should be taken concerning an excessive number of inoculants composing the consortia”
t0“Soybean”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma harzianum · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.