Abstract
The experiments were carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in 2007-2015 on usual heavy loam chernozem. Three methods were used: moulded ploughing on 20-25 cm with plow PN-5-35; unmoulded ploughing on 20-25 cm with unit KAO-2; surface ploughing on 8-12 cm with disker AG-2.4. It was revealed that a long-term surface tillage resulted in the increase of soil density. At the beginning of the crop rotation the soil density was 1.21 g/cm3 in the layer of 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm after surface tillage, but it was 1.07 and 1.14 g/cm3 respectively after plowing. To the end of the crop rotation the soil density was 1.11-1.09 g/cm3 after deep tillage and 1.31-1.32 g/cm3 in the layer of 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm after surface tillage. Height of sunflower plants was 1.35 m and diameter of a sunflower head was 128 mm after surface tillage; sunflower plant height was 1.39 m and diameter of a sunflower head was 149 mm after deep tillage (moldboard plowing). Height of maize plants was 2.15 m after moldboard plowing and 2.00 m after surface tillage. The productivity of sunflower was 1.64 t/ha after surface tillage and 1.88 t/ha after moldboard plowing. The productivity of maize after moldboard plowing was 5.35 t/ha on average in 2014-2015 and was only 4.06 after surface tillage that was on 1.29 t/ha less. The maximum average profitability of sunflower production was 148.9% after moldboard plowing that surpasses this index on 32.8% at a long-term surface tillage. The profitability of maize production was 175.1% after moldboard plowing and only 117.3% after surface tillage.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term surface tillage increased soil density.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“a long-term surface tillage resulted in the increase of soil density”
Claim · model-written summary
At the start of the rotation soil density in the 10-20 and 20-30 cm layers was 1.21 g/cm3 after surface tillage versus 1.07 and 1.14 g/cm3 after plowing.
- Treatment
- surface tillagee0
- Outcome
- soil densitye0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 1.21 g/cm3e0
- Qualifier
- 1.07 and 1.14 g/cm3 respectively after plowinge0
- Comparator
- plowinge0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“At the beginning of the crop rotation the soil density was 1.21 g/cm3 in the layer of 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm after surface tillage, but it was 1.07 and 1.14 g/cm3 respectively after plowing”
Claim · model-written summary
By the end of the rotation soil density was 1.31-1.32 g/cm3 after surface tillage versus 1.11-1.09 g/cm3 after deep tillage.
- Treatment
- surface tillagee0
- Outcome
- soil densitye0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 1.31-1.32 g/cm3e0
- Qualifier
- 1.11-1.09 g/cm3e0
- Comparator
- deep tillagee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the end of the crop rotation the soil density was 1.11-1.09 g/cm3 after deep tillage and 1.31-1.32 g/cm3 in the layer of 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm after surface tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower plant height was 1.39 m after deep moldboard tillage versus 1.35 m after surface tillage.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- deep tillage (moldboard plowing)e0
- Outcome
- sunflower plant heighte0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 1.39 me0
- Qualifier
- 1.35 me0
- Comparator
- surface tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Height of sunflower plants was 1.35 m and diameter of a sunflower head was 128 mm after surface tillage; sunflower plant height was 1.39 m and diameter of a sunflower head was 149 mm after deep tillage (moldboard plowing)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower head diameter was 149 mm after deep moldboard tillage versus 128 mm after surface tillage.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- deep tillage (moldboard plowing)e0
- Outcome
- diameter of a sunflower heade0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 149 mme0
- Qualifier
- 128 mme0
- Comparator
- surface tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Height of sunflower plants was 1.35 m and diameter of a sunflower head was 128 mm after surface tillage; sunflower plant height was 1.39 m and diameter of a sunflower head was 149 mm after deep tillage (moldboard plowing)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize plant height was 2.15 m after moldboard plowing versus 2.00 m after surface tillage.
- Treatment
- moldboard plowinge0
- Outcome
- Height of maize plantse0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 2.15 me0
- Qualifier
- 2.00 me0
- Comparator
- surface tillagee0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Height of maize plants was 2.15 m after moldboard plowing and 2.00 m after surface tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower productivity was 1.88 t/ha after moldboard plowing versus 1.64 t/ha after surface tillage.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- moldboard plowinge0
- Outcome
- productivity of sunflowere0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 1.88 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 1.64 t/hae0
- Comparator
- surface tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The productivity of sunflower was 1.64 t/ha after surface tillage and 1.88 t/ha after moldboard plowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize productivity after moldboard plowing averaged 5.35 t/ha in 2014-2015 versus 4.06 after surface tillage, 1.29 t/ha less.
- Treatment
- moldboard plowinge0
- Outcome
- productivity of maizee0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 5.35 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- only 4.06e0
- Comparator
- surface tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The productivity of maize after moldboard plowing was 5.35 t/ha on average in 2014-2015 and was only 4.06 after surface tillage that was on 1.29 t/ha less”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum average profitability of sunflower production was 148.9% after moldboard plowing, surpassing long-term surface tillage by 32.8%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- moldboard plowinge0
- Outcome
- profitability of sunflower productione0
- Direction
- surpassese0
- Value
- 148.9%e0
- Qualifier
- 32.8%e0
- Comparator
- long-term surface tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum average profitability of sunflower production was 148.9% after moldboard plowing that surpasses this index on 32.8% at a long-term surface tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize production profitability was 175.1% after moldboard plowing versus 117.3% after surface tillage.
- Treatment
- moldboard plowinge0
- Outcome
- profitability of maize productione0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 175.1%e0
- Qualifier
- 117.3%e0
- Comparator
- surface tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The profitability of maize production was 175.1% after moldboard plowing and only 117.3% after surface tillage”
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