Abstract
Kinnow mandarin ( Citrus reticulata Blanco) is a valuable fruit crop mainly grown in the North Indian states of India due to its high-quality juice content. Psylla ( Diaphorina citri Kuwayama), whitefly ( Dialoeurodes citri Ashmead), sooty mould ( Capnodium citri ) and dieback ( Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ) pests are the most important biotic constraints affecting its fruit yield up to 70 percent. To manage these pests, farmers often use mixture of non-label claim pesticides (quinalphos 25%EC, lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5%EC, diafenthiuron 50%WP, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 %, cymoxanil 8 % + mancozeb 64 % WP, etc.) without achieving the desired effect. Hence, area-wide implementation of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy in Kinnow mandarin was implemented during 2021–2023 covering 5 villages at Hisar, Haryana. Among the IPM strategy, installing yellow sticky traps @ 20/ha, neem seed kernel extract spray @ 5 %, and imidacloprid 17.8SL @ 0.3 % reduced the whitefly and psylla populations. The spray of 1 % starch and dipping infected fruits in a bleaching solution @ 0.1 % reduced the severity of sooty mould disease. Pruning and destruction of dead twigs followed by a spray of copper oxychloride 50 WP @ 0.3 % were found very effective too. The lowest average population of psylla and whitefly were recorded in T 1 -IPM compared to T 2 -farmer practice and T 3 -control, respectively. Minimum average disease severity of sooty mould and dieback was noticed in T 1 -IPM compared to T 2 -farmer practice while the highest disease severity was recorded in T 3 -control. Population dynamics of psylla, whitefly and sooty mould, dieback severity, and Area Under Diseases Progress Curve (AUDPC) were found to vary during 11th to 52nd standard meteorological week (SMW). They were observed to be highest in T 3 -control treatment, followed by T 2 -farmer practice and T 1 -IPM. The highest natural enemy's populations (Coccinellid, Chrysoperla, and spider) were recorded in T 3 -control followed by T 1 -IPM, and then in T 2 -farmer practice treatment. The highest average fruit yield and B: C ratio was recorded in T 1 -IPM compared to T 2 -farmer practice and T 3 -control treatment. The validated IPM strategies can be adopted by Kinnow mandarin growing farmers as an economically viable option for the management of psylla, whitefly, sooty mould, and dieback pests.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
yellow sticky traps @ 20/ha reduced whitefly populations.
- Taxon
- Kinnow mandarint0
- Treatment
- yellow sticky traps @ 20/hae0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Among the IPM strategy, installing yellow sticky traps @ 20/ha, neem seed kernel extract spray @ 5 %, and imidacloprid 17.8SL @ 0.3 % reduced the whitefly and psylla populations.”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
yellow sticky traps @ 20/ha reduced psylla populations.
PsyllaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the IPM strategy, installing yellow sticky traps @ 20/ha, neem seed kernel extract spray @ 5 %, and imidacloprid 17.8SL @ 0.3 % reduced the whitefly and psylla populations.”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
neem seed kernel extract spray @ 5 % reduced whitefly populations.
- Taxon
- Kinnow mandarint0
- Treatment
- neem seed kernel extract spray @ 5 %e0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Among the IPM strategy, installing yellow sticky traps @ 20/ha, neem seed kernel extract spray @ 5 %, and imidacloprid 17.8SL @ 0.3 % reduced the whitefly and psylla populations.”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
neem seed kernel extract spray @ 5 % reduced psylla populations.
- Taxon
- Kinnow mandarint0
- Treatment
- neem seed kernel extract spray @ 5 %e0
- Outcome
- populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the IPM strategy, installing yellow sticky traps @ 20/ha, neem seed kernel extract spray @ 5 %, and imidacloprid 17.8SL @ 0.3 % reduced the whitefly and psylla populations.”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
imidacloprid 17.8SL @ 0.3 % reduced whitefly populations.
- Taxon
- Kinnow mandarint0
- Treatment
- imidacloprid 17.8SL @ 0.3 %e0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Among the IPM strategy, installing yellow sticky traps @ 20/ha, neem seed kernel extract spray @ 5 %, and imidacloprid 17.8SL @ 0.3 % reduced the whitefly and psylla populations.”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
imidacloprid 17.8SL @ 0.3 % reduced psylla populations.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the IPM strategy, installing yellow sticky traps @ 20/ha, neem seed kernel extract spray @ 5 %, and imidacloprid 17.8SL @ 0.3 % reduced the whitefly and psylla populations.”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch spray reduced sooty mould severity.
- Taxon
- Kinnow mandarint0
- Treatment
- spray of 1 % starche0
- Interactor
- sooty moulde0pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of sooty mould diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The spray of 1 % starch and dipping infected fruits in a bleaching solution @ 0.1 % reduced the severity of sooty mould disease.”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bleaching solution dipping reduced sooty mould severity.
- Taxon
- Kinnow mandarint0
- Treatment
- dipping infected fruits in a bleaching solution @ 0.1 %e0
- Interactor
- sooty moulde0pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of sooty mould diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The spray of 1 % starch and dipping infected fruits in a bleaching solution @ 0.1 % reduced the severity of sooty mould disease.”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning, twig destruction and copper oxychloride spray were found effective.
- Taxon
- Kinnow mandarint0
- Treatment
- Pruning and destruction of dead twigs followed by a spray of copper oxychloride 50 WP @ 0.3 %e0
- Outcome
- very effectivee0
- Direction
- very effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Pruning and destruction of dead twigs followed by a spray of copper oxychloride 50 WP @ 0.3 % were found very effective too.”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
IPM had the lowest average psylla population.
- Taxon
- Kinnow mandarint0
- Treatment
- T 1 -IPMe0
- Outcome
- populatione0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- T 2 -farmer practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest average population of psylla and whitefly were recorded in T 1 -IPM compared to T 2 -farmer practice and T 3 -control, respectively.”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
IPM had the lowest average whitefly population.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest average population of psylla and whitefly were recorded in T 1 -IPM compared to T 2 -farmer practice and T 3 -control, respectively.”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
IPM had minimum sooty mould disease severity compared with farmer practice.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum average disease severity of sooty mould and dieback was noticed in T 1 -IPM compared to T 2 -farmer practice while the highest disease severity was recorded in T 3 -control.”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
IPM had minimum dieback disease severity compared with farmer practice.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum average disease severity of sooty mould and dieback was noticed in T 1 -IPM compared to T 2 -farmer practice while the highest disease severity was recorded in T 3 -control.”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pest populations, disease severity and AUDPC varied across standard meteorological weeks 11 to 52.
Verbatim
e0“Population dynamics of psylla, whitefly and sooty mould, dieback severity, and Area Under Diseases Progress Curve (AUDPC) were found to vary during 11th to 52nd standard meteorological week (SMW).”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural enemy populations were highest under control, followed by IPM and farmer practice.
Verbatim
e0“The highest natural enemy's populations (Coccinellid, Chrysoperla, and spider) were recorded in T 3 -control followed by T 1 -IPM, and then in T 2 -farmer practice treatment.”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
IPM had the highest average fruit yield compared with farmer practice and control.
Verbatim
e0“The highest average fruit yield and B: C ratio was recorded in T 1 -IPM compared to T 2 -farmer practice and T 3 -control treatment.”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
IPM had the highest B: C ratio compared with farmer practice and control.
Verbatim
e0“The highest average fruit yield and B: C ratio was recorded in T 1 -IPM compared to T 2 -farmer practice and T 3 -control treatment.”
t0“Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend validated IPM to growers as an economically viable pest-management option.
Verbatim
e0“The validated IPM strategies can be adopted by Kinnow mandarin growing farmers as an economically viable option for the management of psylla, whitefly, sooty mould, and dieback pests.”
The same questions in other papers
imidacloprid · pest · Citrus reticulata (tangerine)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
trap barrier · pest · Citrus reticulata (tangerine)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
application · disease · Citrus reticulata (tangerine)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.