Abstract
Water scarcity is considered one of the major abiotic stresses that adversely affect maize growth and productivity. Although using abscisic acid, magnesium and potassium influence physiological and biochemical processes of crops to induce drought tolerance and its role in remobilization of assimilates remains unclear. This study aimed to understand the impact of exogenous application of abscisic acid and magnesium-to-potassium ratio on remobilization of assimilates and current photosynthesis for improving maize grain yield against adverse effects of drought stress. The experiment used a split-factorial randomized block design using variety (single cross 704), split by (normal irrigation, moderate drought stress severe drought stress), and was considered as the main plot. ABA 0, 50 and 100 ppm and Mg/K ratios at 0 (control), Mg/K1:1.5 (100 kg of magnesium sulfate to 150 kg of potassium sulfate) and Mg/K1:3 (100 kg of magnesium sulfate to 300 kg of potassium sulfate were considered as the factorial in the sub-plots. Results of the experiment showed that the highest amount of ABR and CDR were attributed to the moderate drought stress treatment and 50 ppm abscisic acid application, while the highest amount of CP, SPAD, number of grains per ear and grain yield belonged to the normal irrigation treatment ABA 0 ppm. Under moderate and severe drought stress conditions, the lowest CDR and CP were related to the treatment without magnesium and potassium application, while the highest CP in these two conditions was related to the application of a ratio of 100 kg magnesium sulfate to 300 kg potassium sulfate. Furthermore, the results indicated increasing consumption of potassium sulfate compared to magnesium improved grain yield by 16% and 28% compared to the control treatment under moderate and severe drought stress conditions, respectively. This finding showed magnesium should be applied in proportion to potassium at a ratio of 1 to 3 under water scarcity conditions. Therefore, moderate application of abscisic acid (50 ppm) and consumption of 300 kg of potassium sulfate combined with 100 kg of magnesium sulfate are recommended to improve maize single-cross 704 grain yield under drought stress conditions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The highest assimilate remobilization (ABR and CDR) under drought occurred with moderate drought stress and 50 ppm abscisic acid.
- Treatment
- moderate drought stress treatment and 50 ppm abscisic acid applicatione2
- Outcome
- ABR and CDRe2
- Direction
- higheste2
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“adversely affect maize growth and productivity”
e2“the highest amount of ABR and CDR were attributed to the moderate drought stress treatment and 50 ppm abscisic acid application”
Claim · model-written summary
Under normal irrigation with 0 ppm ABA, CP, SPAD and grains per ear were highest.
- Treatment
- normal irrigation treatment ABA 0 ppme3
- Outcome
- CP, SPAD, number of grains per eare3
- Direction
- higheste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“adversely affect maize growth and productivity”
e3“while the highest amount of CP, SPAD, number of grains per ear and grain yield belonged to the normal irrigation treatment ABA 0 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Under normal irrigation with 0 ppm ABA, grain yield was highest.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“adversely affect maize growth and productivity”
e3“while the highest amount of CP, SPAD, number of grains per ear and grain yield belonged to the normal irrigation treatment ABA 0 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Without magnesium and potassium application, CDR and CP were lowest under moderate and severe drought.
- Treatment
- without magnesium and potassium applicatione4
- Outcome
- CDR and CPe4
- Direction
- loweste4
- Qualifier
- Under moderate and severe drought stress conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“adversely affect maize growth and productivity”
e4“Under moderate and severe drought stress conditions, the lowest CDR and CP were related to the treatment without magnesium and potassium application”
Claim · model-written summary
A ratio of 100 kg magnesium sulfate to 300 kg potassium sulfate gave the highest CP under moderate and severe drought.
- Treatment
- a ratio of 100 kg magnesium sulfate to 300 kg potassium sulfatee5
- Outcome
- CPe5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Qualifier
- in these two conditionse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“adversely affect maize growth and productivity”
e5“while the highest CP in these two conditions was related to the application of a ratio of 100 kg magnesium sulfate to 300 kg potassium sulfate”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing potassium sulfate relative to magnesium improved grain yield by 16% compared with the control under moderate drought stress.
- Treatment
- increasing consumption of potassium sulfate compared to magnesiume6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Value
- 16%e6
- Qualifier
- under moderate and severe drought stress conditionse6
- Comparator
- control treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“adversely affect maize growth and productivity”
e6“increasing consumption of potassium sulfate compared to magnesium improved grain yield by 16% and 28% compared to the control treatment under moderate and severe drought stress conditions, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing potassium sulfate relative to magnesium improved grain yield by 28% compared with the control under severe drought stress.
- Treatment
- increasing consumption of potassium sulfate compared to magnesiume6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Value
- 28%e6
- Qualifier
- under moderate and severe drought stress conditionse6
- Comparator
- control treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“adversely affect maize growth and productivity”
e6“increasing consumption of potassium sulfate compared to magnesium improved grain yield by 16% and 28% compared to the control treatment under moderate and severe drought stress conditions, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium should be applied in proportion to potassium at a ratio of 1 to 3 under water scarcity.
- Outcome
- magnesium should be applied in proportion to potassium at a ratio of 1 to 3e7
- Qualifier
- under water scarcity conditionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“adversely affect maize growth and productivity”
e7“magnesium should be applied in proportion to potassium at a ratio of 1 to 3 under water scarcity conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate ABA (50 ppm) with 300 kg potassium sulfate and 100 kg magnesium sulfate is recommended to improve maize single-cross 704 grain yield under drought.
- Material
- single-cross 704e1
- Treatment
- abscisic acid (50 ppm)e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Qualifier
- under drought stress conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“moderate application of abscisic acid (50 ppm) and consumption of 300 kg of potassium sulfate combined with 100 kg of magnesium sulfate are recommended to improve maize single-cross 704 grain yield under drought stress conditions”
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