Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the different concentrations of CaCl2 (10 and 15 mol m−3) on the growth, physiology, and cytological characteristics of salt-stressed Vicia faba (L.) seedlings grown under greenhouse conditions. Salinity stress (150 mol m−3 NaCl) had detrimental effects on all measured growth parameters, increased the micronucleus count number (MCN) by 26.6 micronuclei/1000 cells, decreased the mitotic index (MI) by 66.6%, and caused various chromosomal aberrations, nuclear alterations, and chromatin bridges in salt-stressed seedlings compared to the untreated plant. Nevertheless, the seed priming with CaCl2 (10 and 15 mol m−3) significantly alleviated the toxic effects induced by salinity stress, improved growth parameters, total chlorophyll (TChl), proline, and total soluble sugar (TSS) contents in salt-stressed faba bean seedling compared with seedlings germinated from non-primed seeds. The antioxidative system of salt-stressed faba bean was highly stimulated by increasing the activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes as well as phenolics and flavonoids were increased in all salt-stressed seedlings germinated from seeds primed with CaCl2 (10 and 15 mol m−3) indicating an improved tolerance of faba bean plant to salinity stress. Notably, the pretreatment with CaCl2 (10 mol m−3) reduced the micronuclei number per 1000 cells by 91.3% and decreased the abnormality index by 58.9% more effectively than CaCl2 (15 mol m−3). SDS-PAGE profiling revealed the presence of 16 proteins with different molecular weights, including two peptides, induced by CaCl2 (10 mol m−3) in response to salinity stress. This study showed that 10 mol m−3 CaCl2 significantly improved salt tolerance in treated faba bean plants mitigating the antagonistic effects of salt stress on several physiological and cytological parameters.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress harmed growth parameters.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba (L.) seedlings
Vicia fabat0 - Treatment
- Salinity stress (150 mol m−3 NaCl)e0
- Outcome
- all measured growth parameterse0
- Direction
- detrimental effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress (150 mol m−3 NaCl) had detrimental effects on all measured growth parameters”
t0“Vicia faba (L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased micronucleus count by 26.6 per 1000 cells.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba (L.) seedlingsVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- saltt0
- Outcome
- micronucleus count number (MCN)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.6 micronuclei/1000 cellse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the micronucleus count number (MCN) by 26.6 micronuclei/1000 cells”
t0“salt tolerance in Vicia faba (L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced mitotic index by 66.6%.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba (L.) seedlingsVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- saltt0
- Outcome
- mitotic index (MI)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 66.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the mitotic index (MI) by 66.6%”
t0“salt tolerance in Vicia faba (L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress caused chromosomal and nuclear anomalies.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba (L.) seedlingsVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- salt-stressed seedlingse0
- Outcome
- chromosomal aberrations, nuclear alterations, and chromatin bridgese0
- Comparator
- untreated plante0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“caused various chromosomal aberrations, nuclear alterations, and chromatin bridges in salt-stressed seedlings compared to the untreated plant”
t0“Vicia faba (L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium priming improved growth, chlorophyll, proline and sugar contents.
- Taxon
- faba bean seedlingVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- seed priming with CaCl2 (10 and 15 mol m−3)e0
- Outcome
- growth parameters, total chlorophyll (TChl), proline, and total soluble sugar (TSS) contentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- seedlings germinated from non-primed seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seed priming with CaCl2 (10 and 15 mol m−3) significantly alleviated the toxic effects induced by salinity stress, improved growth parameters, total chlorophyll (TChl), proline, and total soluble sugar (TSS) contents in salt-stressed faba bean seedling compared with seedlings germinated from non-primed seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium priming increased antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba (L.) seedlingsVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- calcium chloridet0
- Outcome
- activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymese0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing the activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes”
t0“Vicia faba (L.) seedlings: a comprehensive investigation of the effects of exogenous calcium chloride”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium priming increased phenolics and flavonoids.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba (L.) seedlingsVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- seeds primed with CaCl2 (10 and 15 mol m−3)e0
- Outcome
- phenolics and flavonoidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phenolics and flavonoids were increased in all salt-stressed seedlings germinated from seeds primed with CaCl2 (10 and 15 mol m−3)”
t0“Vicia faba (L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
10 mol m−3 calcium chloride lowered micronuclei by 91.3%.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba (L.) seedlingsVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with CaCl2 (10 mol m−3)e0
- Outcome
- micronuclei number per 1000 cellse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 91.3%e0
- Comparator
- CaCl2 (15 mol m−3)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretreatment with CaCl2 (10 mol m−3) reduced the micronuclei number per 1000 cells by 91.3% and decreased the abnormality index by 58.9% more effectively than CaCl2 (15 mol m−3)”
t0“Vicia faba (L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
10 mol m−3 calcium chloride lowered abnormality index by 58.9%.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba (L.) seedlingsVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with CaCl2 (10 mol m−3)e0
- Outcome
- abnormality indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 58.9%e0
- Comparator
- CaCl2 (15 mol m−3)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretreatment with CaCl2 (10 mol m−3) reduced the micronuclei number per 1000 cells by 91.3% and decreased the abnormality index by 58.9% more effectively than CaCl2 (15 mol m−3)”
t0“Vicia faba (L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium priming induced two peptides among 16 proteins.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba (L.) seedlingsVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- CaCl2 (10 mol m−3)e0
- Outcome
- 16 proteins with different molecular weights, including two peptidese0
- Value
- 16 proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SDS-PAGE profiling revealed the presence of 16 proteins with different molecular weights, including two peptides, induced by CaCl2 (10 mol m−3) in response to salinity stress”
t0“Vicia faba (L.) seedlings”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.