Abstract
This research aimed to determine the effects of conservation tillage practices on the soil quality parameters and productivity of winter wheat (WW) followed by soybean (SB) in a conventionally irrigated arid environment. Field experiments were conducted in 2020–2023 in a split-plot design with the following four land management practices: conventional tillage (CT: moldboard plow + harrow), RT1 (chisel + harrow), RT2 (disk + harrow), and NT (no-till – without tillage). After three experimental cycles, the soil humus content increased by 10, 12, and 15% ( p < 0.05) in the CT, RT1, and RT2 plots, respectively, while the highest soil humus was detected in the NT plot. Soil bulk density decreased from 1.6 g/cm 3 to 1.33, 1.42, and 1.34 g/cm 3 ( p < 0.05) in the CT, RT1, and RT2 plots, respectively. A significant increase was found at the NT plot in terms of soil quality indicators such as total N and P, available N–NO 3 , P 2 O 5 , and K 2 O. The application of NT increased the yield components of WW and SB by 20 and 12%, respectively, compared to CT. This study showed that the highest WW (6.84 Mg ha −1 ) and SB (2.12 Mg ha −1 ) grain yields were achieved in the NT plot, most likely due to enhanced moisture and nutrient conservation, facilitated by the high amount of crop residues on the soil surface. The implemented NT method combined with the legume-based cropping system appears to be a more sustainable and environmentally friendly land management system to achieve a favorable soil environment that generates higher crop yield in the arid ecosystem.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
No-till increased the yield components of winter wheat by 20% compared with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- application of NTe3
- Outcome
- yield componentse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 20e3
- Comparator
- CTe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arid irrigated winter wheat and soybean cropping under conservation tillage systems”
e3“The application of NT increased the yield components of WW and SB by 20 and 12%, respectively, compared to CT”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till increased the yield components of soybean by 12% compared with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- application of NTe3
- Outcome
- yield componentse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 12%e3
- Comparator
- CTe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arid irrigated winter wheat and soybean cropping under conservation tillage systems”
e3“The application of NT increased the yield components of WW and SB by 20 and 12%, respectively, compared to CT”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest winter wheat grain yield, 6.84 Mg ha −1, was achieved in the no-till plot.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NT plote4
- Outcome
- grain yieldse4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 6.84 Mg ha −1e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arid irrigated winter wheat and soybean cropping under conservation tillage systems”
e4“the highest WW (6.84 Mg ha −1 ) and SB (2.12 Mg ha −1 ) grain yields were achieved in the NT plot”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest soybean grain yield, 2.12 Mg ha −1, was achieved in the no-till plot.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NT plote4
- Outcome
- grain yieldse4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 2.12 Mg ha −1e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arid irrigated winter wheat and soybean cropping under conservation tillage systems”
e4“the highest WW (6.84 Mg ha −1 ) and SB (2.12 Mg ha −1 ) grain yields were achieved in the NT plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil humus content increased by 10% under conventional tillage after three cycles.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- conventional tillage (CT: moldboard plow + harrow)e0
- Outcome
- soil humus contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 10e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arid irrigated winter wheat and soybean cropping under conservation tillage systems”
e0“conventional tillage (CT: moldboard plow + harrow)”
e1“After three experimental cycles, the soil humus content increased by 10, 12, and 15% ( p < 0.05) in the CT, RT1, and RT2 plots, respectively, while the highest soil humus was detected in the NT plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil humus content increased by 12% under RT1 tillage after three cycles.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- RT1 (chisel + harrow)e0
- Outcome
- soil humus contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 12e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arid irrigated winter wheat and soybean cropping under conservation tillage systems”
e0“RT1 (chisel + harrow)”
e1“After three experimental cycles, the soil humus content increased by 10, 12, and 15% ( p < 0.05) in the CT, RT1, and RT2 plots, respectively, while the highest soil humus was detected in the NT plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil humus content increased by 15% under RT2 tillage after three cycles.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- RT2 (disk + harrow)e0
- Outcome
- soil humus contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 15e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arid irrigated winter wheat and soybean cropping under conservation tillage systems”
e0“RT2 (disk + harrow)”
e1“After three experimental cycles, the soil humus content increased by 10, 12, and 15% ( p < 0.05) in the CT, RT1, and RT2 plots, respectively, while the highest soil humus was detected in the NT plot”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till gave the highest soil humus content.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NT plote1
- Outcome
- soil humuse1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arid irrigated winter wheat and soybean cropping under conservation tillage systems”
e1“After three experimental cycles, the soil humus content increased by 10, 12, and 15% ( p < 0.05) in the CT, RT1, and RT2 plots, respectively, while the highest soil humus was detected in the NT plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil bulk density decreased to 1.33 g/cm3 under conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CTe2
- Outcome
- Soil bulk densitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 1.33e2
- Qualifier
- from 1.6 g/cm 3e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arid irrigated winter wheat and soybean cropping under conservation tillage systems”
e2“Soil bulk density decreased from 1.6 g/cm 3 to 1.33, 1.42, and 1.34 g/cm 3 ( p < 0.05) in the CT, RT1, and RT2 plots, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil bulk density decreased to 1.42 g/cm3 under RT1 tillage.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- RT1e2
- Outcome
- Soil bulk densitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 1.42e2
- Qualifier
- from 1.6 g/cm 3e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arid irrigated winter wheat and soybean cropping under conservation tillage systems”
e2“Soil bulk density decreased from 1.6 g/cm 3 to 1.33, 1.42, and 1.34 g/cm 3 ( p < 0.05) in the CT, RT1, and RT2 plots, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil bulk density decreased to 1.34 g/cm3 under RT2 tillage.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- RT2e2
- Outcome
- Soil bulk densitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 1.34e2
- Qualifier
- from 1.6 g/cm 3e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arid irrigated winter wheat and soybean cropping under conservation tillage systems”
e2“Soil bulk density decreased from 1.6 g/cm 3 to 1.33, 1.42, and 1.34 g/cm 3 ( p < 0.05) in the CT, RT1, and RT2 plots, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till significantly increased total N and P, available N–NO 3 , P 2 O 5 and K 2 O in the soil.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NT plote5
- Outcome
- total N and P, available N–NO 3 , P 2 O 5 , and K 2 Oe5
- Direction
- increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arid irrigated winter wheat and soybean cropping under conservation tillage systems”
e5“A significant increase was found at the NT plot in terms of soil quality indicators such as total N and P, available N–NO 3 , P 2 O 5 , and K 2 O”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till with legume-based rotation is recommended as a more sustainable land management system.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- land management systeme6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arid irrigated winter wheat and soybean cropping under conservation tillage systems”
e6“The implemented NT method combined with the legume-based cropping system appears to be a more sustainable and environmentally friendly land management system”
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