Abstract
Anthracnose disease, incited by Colletotrichum truncatum, is one of the major constraints in the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill] production worldwide. A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2018 and 2019 at N E Borlaug Crop Research Centre, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand to assess the combined effect of host resistance, altered sowing dates, and judicious use of fungicide in soybean under natural conditions. Two soybean varieties, viz. PS 1042 and PS 1092, with three different dates of sowing and six spray schedules consisted of propiconazole, Trichoderma harzianum, and garlic extract were tested for their integrated effect on foliar anthracnose and pod blight diseases. Both varieties were significantly different in terms of disease severity and yield. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot of 2 × 3 × 6 factorial design with three replications. Variety PS 1042 produced significantly higher yields (22.24 and 23.00 q/ha) than PS 1092 (16.02 and 18.37 q/ha) during both the seasons. In both the varieties, early sowing (27th June) increased the likelihood of disease and decreased yield, whereas sowing at first week of July (4th July) reduced disease severity and thereby, increased yield. Among all the treatments, the combination spray schedules of propiconazole with T. harzinaum and with garlic extract were found most effective or comparable with two sprays of propiconazole and gave comparatively higher yield, viz. 20.47, 20.26 and 20.76 q/ha, respectively, than control (18.30 q/ha) and other treatments. It was observed that integration of moderately resistant variety (PS 1042), seed treatment with T. harzianum (10 g/kg seed), sowing at first week of July, one foliar application of propiconazole (0.1%) at the time of first appearance of symptoms and second spray of T. harzianum (1%) after 15 days of first spray, was very effective in terms of reducing disease severity and increasing yield.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The two soybean varieties differed significantly in disease severity.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Material
- PS 1042 and PS 1092e1
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both varieties were significantly different in terms of disease severity and yield”
e1“Two soybean varieties, viz. PS 1042 and PS 1092”
Claim · model-written summary
PS 1042 yielded more than PS 1092 in both seasons.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- PS 1042e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 22.24 and 23.00 q/hae0
- Qualifier
- 16.02 and 18.37 q/hae0
- Comparator
- PS 1092e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Variety PS 1042 produced significantly higher yields (22.24 and 23.00 q/ha) than PS 1092 (16.02 and 18.37 q/ha) during both the seasons”
e1“soybean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sowing increased disease likelihood in both soybean varieties.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- early sowing (27th June)e0
- Outcome
- likelihood of diseasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both the varieties, early sowing (27th June) increased the likelihood of disease and decreased yield”
e1“soybean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sowing decreased soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- early sowing (27th June)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both the varieties, early sowing (27th June) increased the likelihood of disease and decreased yield”
e1“soybean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing on 4 July reduced disease severity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- sowing at first week of July (4th July)e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sowing at first week of July (4th July) reduced disease severity and thereby, increased yield”
e1“soybean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing on 4 July increased yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- sowing at first week of July (4th July)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sowing at first week of July (4th July) reduced disease severity and thereby, increased yield”
e1“soybean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
The propiconazole and T. harzinaum spray combination yielded 20.47 q/ha, above control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- propiconazole with T. harzinaume0
- Interactor
- T. harzinaume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 20.47e0
- Qualifier
- 18.30 q/hae0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination spray schedules of propiconazole with T. harzinaum and with garlic extract were found most effective or comparable with two sprays of propiconazole and gave comparatively higher yield, viz. 20.47, 20.26 and 20.76 q/ha, respectively, than control (18.30 q/ha)”
e1“soybean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
The propiconazole and garlic extract spray combination yielded 20.26 q/ha, above control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- with garlic extracte0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 20.26e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination spray schedules of propiconazole with T. harzinaum and with garlic extract were found most effective or comparable with two sprays of propiconazole and gave comparatively higher yield, viz. 20.47, 20.26 and 20.76 q/ha, respectively, than control (18.30 q/ha)”
e1“soybean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Two propiconazole sprays yielded 20.76 q/ha, above control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- two sprays of propiconazolee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 20.76 q/hae0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination spray schedules of propiconazole with T. harzinaum and with garlic extract were found most effective or comparable with two sprays of propiconazole and gave comparatively higher yield, viz. 20.47, 20.26 and 20.76 q/ha, respectively, than control (18.30 q/ha)”
e1“soybean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated variety, seed treatment, sowing date, and spray regime reduced disease severity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- PS 1042e0
- Treatment
- seed treatment with T. harzianum (10 g/kg seed), sowing at first week of July, one foliar application of propiconazole (0.1%) at the time of first appearance of symptoms and second spray of T. harzianum (1%) after 15 days of first spraye0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integration of moderately resistant variety (PS 1042), seed treatment with T. harzianum (10 g/kg seed), sowing at first week of July, one foliar application of propiconazole (0.1%) at the time of first appearance of symptoms and second spray of T. harzianum (1%) after 15 days of first spray, was very effective in terms of reducing disease severity and increasing yield”
e1“soybean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated regime increased yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- PS 1042e0
- Treatment
- seed treatment with T. harzianum (10 g/kg seed), sowing at first week of July, one foliar application of propiconazole (0.1%) at the time of first appearance of symptoms and second spray of T. harzianum (1%) after 15 days of first spraye0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integration of moderately resistant variety (PS 1042), seed treatment with T. harzianum (10 g/kg seed), sowing at first week of July, one foliar application of propiconazole (0.1%) at the time of first appearance of symptoms and second spray of T. harzianum (1%) after 15 days of first spray, was very effective in terms of reducing disease severity and increasing yield”
e1“soybean varieties”
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See all 55 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.