Abstract
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural field for the huge production of agricultural products causes adverse effect on environment as well as on human health. Animal dungs and agricultural wastes are serious problem for society so it needs to be managed properly. Vermicomposting is the best process for the management of these wastes with the help of earthworm Eisenia fetida and the by-products released from these vermicompost are used in enhancing the agricultural productivity. Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a short season leguminous crop which has been recognised as pulse-oil seed. It is a highly nutritive crop which contains 43% of protein and 20% of oil approximately but due to various reasons its production rate is decreasing day by day. The vermiwash and neem, garlic and tobacco based biopesticides are being used as an alternative for chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The aim of present study was to observe the growth, flowering and productivity of soybean plant after foliar spray of vermiwash obtained from gram bran (GB) and buffalo dung (BD) with combinations of aqueous extracts of garlic, neem and tobacco leaves. The significant growth (cm) and productivity (g/m2) were observed after the foliar spray of vermiwash (GB+BD) and aqueous extracts of biopesticides (garlic, neem and tobacco leaves). The highest growth of soybean (49.2±2.6 cm) was observed after foliar application of vermiwash (GB+BD) with aqueous extract of neem leaves in ratio of 10:1 whereas, the maximum significant early flowering period (32.3±2.5 days) and productivity (423±14 g/m2) were obtained after treatment of vermiwash (GB+BD) with aqueous extract of neem, garlic and tobacco leaves in ratio of 10:1:1:1. The use of vermiwash with biopesticides in increasing agricultural product is a boon for crops as it is environmentally beneficial and costeffective alternative to chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar vermiwash with neem extract at 10:1 gave the highest soybean growth (49.2±2.6 cm).
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- foliar application of vermiwash (GB+BD) with aqueous extract of neem leaves in ratio of 10:1e1
- Outcome
- growth of soybeane1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 49.2±2.6 cme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The highest growth of soybean (49.2±2.6 cm) was observed after foliar application of vermiwash (GB+BD) with aqueous extract of neem leaves in ratio of 10:1”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermiwash with neem, garlic and tobacco extracts gave the maximum significant early flowering period (32.3±2.5 days) in soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- vermiwash (GB+BD) with aqueous extract of neem, garlic and tobacco leaves in ratio of 10:1:1:1e2
- Outcome
- early flowering periode2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 32.3±2.5 dayse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the maximum significant early flowering period (32.3±2.5 days) and productivity (423±14 g/m2) were obtained after treatment of vermiwash (GB+BD) with aqueous extract of neem, garlic and tobacco leaves in ratio of 10:1:1:1”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermiwash with neem, garlic and tobacco extracts gave the maximum significant productivity (423±14 g/m2) in soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- vermiwash (GB+BD) with aqueous extract of neem, garlic and tobacco leaves in ratio of 10:1:1:1e2
- Outcome
- productivitye2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 423±14 g/m2e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the maximum significant early flowering period (32.3±2.5 days) and productivity (423±14 g/m2) were obtained after treatment of vermiwash (GB+BD) with aqueous extract of neem, garlic and tobacco leaves in ratio of 10:1:1:1”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermiwash with biopesticides is an environmentally beneficial and cost-effective alternative to chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides for soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- environmentally beneficial and costeffective alternative to chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticidese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The use of vermiwash with biopesticides in increasing agricultural product is a boon for crops as it is environmentally beneficial and costeffective alternative to chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
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See all 115 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.