Abstract
Protection of seeds from ionizing radiation is an important future need in space travel. We examined the usefulness of eumelanin from the fungus Gliocephalotrichum MTCC 5489 for this purpose. Seeds of Oryza sativa, Brassica nigra, Vigna radiata and V. aconitifolia were enclosed in Petri dishes coated with paint containing various concentrations of nanomelanin and exposed to doses of 0.1 to 2.0 kGy Cs-137 or 0.1 to 0.5 kGy Co-60 radiation. While Cs-137 radiation severely affected the rate of germination (germination index, GI) and germination percentage of Oryza sativa, whereas other seeds were less affected, Co-60 markedly diminished the GI of all the seeds. Increasing concentrations of melanin coating afforded significant protection to the GI of O. sativa seeds exposed to Cs-137 and to all seeds exposed to Co-60 radiation. The germination percentage of seeds was dose- and radiation dependent, with no effect observed for all doses of Cs-137 or 0.1 kGy Co-60 radiation, whereas 0.5 kGy Co-60 radiation killed 50 to 60% of the unprotected seeds. Melanin paint offered nearly 100% survival. This study demonstrated that melanin-containing materials can provide effective shielding from gamma radiation for diverse types of seeds that are important for human consumption, which has implications for space agriculture and agriculture in extreme environments.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Cs-137 radiation severely impaired Oryza sativa germination index and percentage.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Cs-137 radiatione0
- Outcome
- germination index, GI) and germination percentagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cs-137 radiation severely affected the rate of germination (germination index, GI) and germination percentage of Oryza sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Other seeds were less affected by Cs-137 radiation.
- Taxon
- Brassica nigra, Vigna radiata and V. aconitifolia
_leaves.JPG?width=60)
Brassica nigra
Vigna aconitifolia.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae1 - Outcome
- other seeds were less affectede0
- Direction
- less affectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_leaves.JPG?width=500)
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“whereas other seeds were less affected”
e1“Seeds of Oryza sativa, Brassica nigra, Vigna radiata and V. aconitifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-60 radiation markedly lowered germination index in all four seed types.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa, Brassica nigra, Vigna radiata and V. aconitifoliaBrassica nigraVigna aconitifoliaOryza sativaVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- Co-60e0
- Outcome
- GI of all the seedse0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-60 markedly diminished the GI of all the seeds”
e1“Seeds of Oryza sativa, Brassica nigra, Vigna radiata and V. aconitifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing melanin coating significantly protected O. sativa germination index after Cs-137 exposure.
- Taxon
- O. sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Increasing concentrations of melanin coatinge0
- Outcome
- GI of O. sativa seedse0
- Direction
- protectione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing concentrations of melanin coating afforded significant protection to the GI of O. sativa seeds exposed to Cs-137”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing melanin coating significantly protected germination index in all seeds after Co-60 exposure.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa, Brassica nigra, Vigna radiata and V. aconitifoliaBrassica nigraVigna aconitifoliaOryza sativaVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- Increasing concentrations of melanin coatinge0
- Outcome
- GIe0
- Direction
- protectione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing concentrations of melanin coating afforded significant protection to the GI of O. sativa seeds exposed to Cs-137 and to all seeds exposed to Co-60 radiation”
e1“Seeds of Oryza sativa, Brassica nigra, Vigna radiata and V. aconitifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Cs-137 doses and 0.1 kGy Co-60 had no observed effect on seed germination percentage.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa, Brassica nigra, Vigna radiata and V. aconitifoliaBrassica nigraVigna aconitifoliaOryza sativaVigna radiatae2
- Treatment
- all doses of Cs-137 or 0.1 kGy Co-60 radiatione0
- Outcome
- germination percentage of seedse1
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no effect observed for all doses of Cs-137 or 0.1 kGy Co-60 radiation”
e1“The germination percentage of seeds was dose- and radiation dependent”
e2“Seeds of Oryza sativa, Brassica nigra, Vigna radiata and V. aconitifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.5 kGy Co-60, 50 to 60% of unprotected seeds were killed.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa, Brassica nigra, Vigna radiata and V. aconitifoliaBrassica nigraVigna aconitifoliaOryza sativaVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- 0.5 kGy Co-60 radiatione0
- Outcome
- unprotected seedse0
- Direction
- killede0
- Value
- 50 to 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“0.5 kGy Co-60 radiation killed 50 to 60% of the unprotected seeds”
e1“Seeds of Oryza sativa, Brassica nigra, Vigna radiata and V. aconitifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Melanin paint yielded nearly 100% seed survival.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa, Brassica nigra, Vigna radiata and V. aconitifoliaBrassica nigraVigna aconitifoliaOryza sativaVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- Melanin painte0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Value
- nearly 100%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melanin paint offered nearly 100% survival”
e1“Seeds of Oryza sativa, Brassica nigra, Vigna radiata and V. aconitifolia”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.