Abstract
Abstract Heavy metal (HM) contamination causes severe detrimental effects on plant growth. Irradiated sodium alginate (ISA) has been proposed for enhancing the efficacy and selectivity of metal ion biosorption from plants under HM-toxicity. The present study has been planned to investigate the morphological, molecular, physiological, and regulation of transcript levels of defence mechanisms for alleviation of HM toxicity in Vigna radiata plants by irradiated sodium alginate (ISA). V. radiata L. plants were treated with T 0 -water (control); T Cd -CdCl 2 (100 μM); T Pb -Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (500 μM); T Fe -FeSO 4 (300 μM), and ISA solution at 75 mg/l as a foliar spray onto leaves. Our results suggested the positive impact of ISA for HM stress mitigation by V. radiata L. plants, through modulatory effects on molecular and physiological attributes . In our study, we evaluated the growth characteristics (plant height, leaf area, total fresh weight and grain weight), pigment contents, photosynthetic efficiency ( 14 CO 2 -fixation), enzyme activities (nitrate reductase, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase, and carbonic anhydrases), and macronutrient contents (P, N, and K) in metal-stressed plants. All these attributes were found to be stimulated after ISA application. Also, ISA reduced the total malondialdehyde, free proline, and total phenol content in heavy metal-exposed plants. The transcriptional expression profiling was conducted by examining the expression levels of AtPDR12, AtATM3, AtPCR1, MPK4, MPK6, and AtPDR8 genes that inferred the ISA-mediated detoxification of HMs in V. radiata plants. The data in the present research clearly indicated that treatment with foliar sprays of ISA (75 mg/l) resulted in enhanced tolerance of V. radiata plants against different HM stresses.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated sodium alginate stimulated plant height, leaf area and total fresh weight of metal-stressed Vigna radiata.
- Taxon
- V. radiata
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Vigna radiatae0 - Treatment
- ISA solution at 75 mg/l as a foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf area, total fresh weighte2
- Direction
- stimulatede3
- Comparator
- metal-stressed plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“V. radiata L. plants were treated with”
e1“ISA solution at 75 mg/l as a foliar spray”
e2“plant height, leaf area, total fresh weight”
e3“All these attributes were found to be stimulated after ISA application”
e4“in metal-stressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated sodium alginate stimulated pigment contents and photosynthetic efficiency of metal-stressed Vigna radiata.
- Taxon
- V. radiataVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- ISA solution at 75 mg/l as a foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- pigment contents, photosynthetic efficiency ( 14 CO 2 -fixation)e2
- Direction
- stimulatede3
- Comparator
- metal-stressed plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V. radiata L. plants were treated with”
e1“ISA solution at 75 mg/l as a foliar spray”
e2“pigment contents, photosynthetic efficiency ( 14 CO 2 -fixation)”
e3“All these attributes were found to be stimulated after ISA application”
e4“in metal-stressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated sodium alginate stimulated grain weight of metal-stressed Vigna radiata.
- Taxon
- V. radiataVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- ISA solution at 75 mg/l as a foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- grain weighte2
- Direction
- stimulatede3
- Comparator
- metal-stressed plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V. radiata L. plants were treated with”
e1“ISA solution at 75 mg/l as a foliar spray”
e2“total fresh weight and grain weight”
e3“All these attributes were found to be stimulated after ISA application”
e4“in metal-stressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated sodium alginate stimulated enzyme activities of metal-stressed Vigna radiata.
- Taxon
- V. radiataVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- ISA solution at 75 mg/l as a foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- enzyme activities (nitrate reductase, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase, and carbonic anhydrases)e2
- Direction
- stimulatede3
- Comparator
- metal-stressed plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V. radiata L. plants were treated with”
e1“ISA solution at 75 mg/l as a foliar spray”
e2“enzyme activities (nitrate reductase, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase, and carbonic anhydrases)”
e3“All these attributes were found to be stimulated after ISA application”
e4“in metal-stressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated sodium alginate stimulated macronutrient contents of metal-stressed Vigna radiata.
- Taxon
- V. radiataVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- ISA solution at 75 mg/l as a foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- macronutrient contents (P, N, and K)e2
- Direction
- stimulatede3
- Comparator
- metal-stressed plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V. radiata L. plants were treated with”
e1“ISA solution at 75 mg/l as a foliar spray”
e2“macronutrient contents (P, N, and K)”
e3“All these attributes were found to be stimulated after ISA application”
e4“in metal-stressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated sodium alginate reduced total malondialdehyde, free proline and total phenol content in heavy metal-exposed Vigna radiata.
- Taxon
- V. radiataVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- ISAe2
- Outcome
- total malondialdehyde, free proline, and total phenol contente2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- heavy metal-exposed plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V. radiata L. plants were treated with”
e2“ISA reduced the total malondialdehyde, free proline, and total phenol content in heavy metal-exposed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The expression of AtPDR12, AtATM3, AtPCR1, MPK4, MPK6 and AtPDR8 was examined, which was taken to indicate ISA-mediated detoxification of heavy metals in Vigna radiata.
- Taxon
- V. radiataVigna radiatae0
- Gene
- AtPDR12, AtATM3, AtPCR1, MPK4, MPK6, and AtPDR8e1
- Outcome
- ISA-mediated detoxification of HMse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V. radiata L. plants were treated with”
e1“examining the expression levels of AtPDR12, AtATM3, AtPCR1, MPK4, MPK6, and AtPDR8 genes that inferred the ISA-mediated detoxification of HMs”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar sprays of irradiated sodium alginate at 75 mg/l enhanced tolerance of Vigna radiata against different heavy metal stresses.
- Taxon
- V. radiataVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- foliar sprays of ISA (75 mg/l)e1
- Outcome
- tolerancee1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V. radiata L. plants were treated with”
e1“treatment with foliar sprays of ISA (75 mg/l) resulted in enhanced tolerance of V. radiata plants against different HM stresses”
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See all 216 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.