Abstract
An experiment was conducted during the spring seasons of 2022 and 2023 at Agricultural Research Station No. 1, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, located in Ramadi district, Anbar province, Iraq. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of weed control methods and micronutrient spraying on weed traits and growth characteristics of three sunflower varieties. The experiment followed a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with a split-split plot arrangement and three replications. The main plots included weed control methods (no control, Treflan herbicide treatment and black plastic mulching). At the same time, the sub-plots consisted of three micronutrient spraying treatments (0, first combination and second combination). The sunflower varieties Aqmar, Sakha and Flami included the sub-sub-plots. Results indicated that the mulching treatment significantly reduced weed density and dry weed weight and achieved values ??of (5.96 and 4.33 plant m-1, 11.67 and 8.22 plant m-1, 123.97 and 91.02 g plant-1) for the two seasons, respectively, while enhancing: plant height, leaf area, stem diameter and chlorophyll index. The second micronutrient spray formulation gave the highest averages for most traits. Among the cultivars, Sakha showed the lowest weed density and dry weed weight, Qamar recorded the tallest plants (189.04 and 211.12 cm) for both seasons and Flame showed superior vegetative growth traits. Significant interactions were observed between the study factors, where the mulching combination and Flamy cultivar gave the highest leaf area, stem diameter and chlorophyll content and the three-way interaction of mulching, the second micronutrient formulation and Flamy cultivar achieved the highest chlorophyll content. and the triple interaction of mulching, second micronutrient combination and Flami variety achieving the highest chlorophyll content. In conclusion, black plastic mulching effectively reduced weed density and improved sunflower growth, with the second micronutrient combination and Flame variety showing the best results.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Black plastic mulching significantly reduced weed density.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- mulching treatmente0
- Interactor
- weedst0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mulching treatment significantly reduced weed density”
t0“weeds and sunflower growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Black plastic mulching significantly reduced dry weed weight.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- mulching treatmente0
- Interactor
- weedst0weed
- Outcome
- dry weed weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mulching treatment significantly reduced weed density and dry weed weight”
t0“weeds and sunflower growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching enhanced sunflower height, leaf area and stem diameter.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- mulching treatmente1
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf area, stem diametere0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while enhancing: plant height, leaf area, stem diameter and chlorophyll index”
e1“the mulching treatment significantly reduced weed density”
t0“sunflower growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching enhanced chlorophyll index.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- mulching treatmente1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll indexe0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while enhancing: plant height, leaf area, stem diameter and chlorophyll index”
e1“the mulching treatment significantly reduced weed density”
t0“sunflower growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The second micronutrient spray formulation had the highest averages for most traits.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- second micronutrient spray formulatione0
- Outcome
- highest averages for most traitse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The second micronutrient spray formulation gave the highest averages for most traits”
t0“sunflower growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Sakha had the lowest weed density and dry weed weight among cultivars.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Sakhae0
- Interactor
- weedst0weed
- Outcome
- weed density and dry weed weighte0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the cultivars, Sakha showed the lowest weed density and dry weed weight”
t0“weeds and sunflower growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Qamar was tallest at 189.04 and 211.12 cm in the two seasons.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Qamare0
- Outcome
- tallest plantse0
- Direction
- talleste0
- Value
- 189.04 and 211.12 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Qamar recorded the tallest plants (189.04 and 211.12 cm) for both seasons”
t0“sunflower growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Flame showed superior vegetative growth traits.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Flamee0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth traitse0
- Direction
- superiore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flame showed superior vegetative growth traits”
t0“sunflower growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Study factors had significant interactions.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- interactionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant interactions were observed between the study factors”
t0“sunflower growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching with Flamy gave the highest leaf area and stem diameter.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Flamye0
- Treatment
- mulchinge0
- Outcome
- leaf area, stem diametere0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mulching combination and Flamy cultivar gave the highest leaf area, stem diameter and chlorophyll content”
t0“sunflower growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching with Flamy gave the highest chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Flamye0
- Treatment
- mulchinge0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mulching combination and Flamy cultivar gave the highest leaf area, stem diameter and chlorophyll content”
t0“sunflower growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching, second micronutrient formulation and Flamy had the highest chlorophyll content in three-way interaction.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Flamye0
- Treatment
- mulching, the second micronutrient formulatione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the three-way interaction of mulching, the second micronutrient formulation and Flamy cultivar achieved the highest chlorophyll content”
t0“sunflower growth”
The same questions in other papers
mulching · weed · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
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- positive
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mulching · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.