Abstract
The present study utilizes a naturally available biomass waste of freshwater molluscan shells as a source for preparation of biocalcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) in the management of pulse beetle of Callosobruchus maculatus ( C. maculatus ) and growth enhancement of agro-morphological characters and antioxidant enzyme level in greengram seeds. The UV-DRS spectrum exhibited a pronounced absorption peak at 267 nm. The stability of the particles was evidenced by a zeta potential of −37.3 mV. FTIR exhibited peaks at 1412 and 868 cm –1 are characteristic of the connection between the oxygen atom of CO 3 2–, Ca, and C–O bonding, which signifies the carbonation of the CaO NPs. The peaks appearing in the 359, 482, and 1089 cm –1 bands of Raman spectra are the presence of calcium oxide. The XRD pattern was obtained and confirmed the polycrystalline nature of the CaO NPs, by a sharp peak and narrow spectrum. The TGA showed a major weight loss (∼43%) of freshwater mollusks’ shell between 695 and ∼800 °C. TEM and FE-SEM micrographs of CaO NPs found a granular morphology with an average size of 54.42 nm, respectively. The insecticidal activity of CaO NPs showed the LD 50 and LD 90 values of 12.58 and 406.64 mg/100 g of seeds, respectively. The pattern of mortality revealed that CaO NPs at a dose of 400 mg/100 g of seeds expressed 100% mortality on the third day after release of C. maculatus . CaO NPs interacted with C. maculatus by adherence on the body surface of the insect and caused sequential physical toxicity, dehydration, desiccation, and death. The in silico molecular docking studies of CaO with detoxifying enzymes revealed greater affinity and binding energies of −1.4, −1.4, and −1.3 kcal/mol in acetylcholinesterase, cytochrome-c, and glutathione- S -transferase, respectively. Furthermore, CaO NP-treated seeds showed significant enhancement in seed germination, shoot length, root length, seedling length, subroot numbers, and vigor index over deltamethrin and control. Seeds treated with CaO NPs produced more ROS than hydro-primed control, indicating that ROS are crucial for improving seed germination. CaO NPs in the greengram seedlings were confirmed through AAS. Leveraging biomass waste can be used as a novel source for sustainable control of insects and promising tools to enhance greengram seed for higher crop yield and bolstering food security.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
CaO NPs had an LD50 of 12.58 mg/100 g of seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus.
- Taxon
- greengram
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Vigna radiata var. radiatae0 - Interactor
- C. maculatus
Callosobruchus maculatuse0pest - Outcome
- LD 50e1
- Value
- 12.58e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The present study utilizes a naturally available biomass waste of freshwater molluscan shells as a source for preparation of biocalcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) in the management of pulse beetle of Callosobruchus maculatus ( C. maculatus ) and growth enhancement of agro-morphological characters and antioxidant enzyme level in greengram seeds”
e1“The insecticidal activity of CaO NPs showed the LD 50 and LD 90 values of 12.58 and 406.64 mg/100 g of seeds, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
CaO NPs had an LD90 of 406.64 mg/100 g of seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Interactor
- C. maculatusCallosobruchus maculatuse0pest
- Outcome
- LD 90e1
- Value
- 406.64e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study utilizes a naturally available biomass waste of freshwater molluscan shells as a source for preparation of biocalcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) in the management of pulse beetle of Callosobruchus maculatus ( C. maculatus ) and growth enhancement of agro-morphological characters and antioxidant enzyme level in greengram seeds”
e1“The insecticidal activity of CaO NPs showed the LD 50 and LD 90 values of 12.58 and 406.64 mg/100 g of seeds, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
CaO NPs at 400 mg/100 g of seeds caused 100% mortality of Callosobruchus maculatus on the third day.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Treatment
- CaO NPs at a dose of 400 mg/100 g of seedse2
- Interactor
- C. maculatusCallosobruchus maculatuse2pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye2
- Direction
- expressede2
- Value
- 100%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study utilizes a naturally available biomass waste of freshwater molluscan shells as a source for preparation of biocalcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) in the management of pulse beetle of Callosobruchus maculatus ( C. maculatus ) and growth enhancement of agro-morphological characters and antioxidant enzyme level in greengram seeds”
e2“The pattern of mortality revealed that CaO NPs at a dose of 400 mg/100 g of seeds expressed 100% mortality on the third day after release of C. maculatus”
Claim · model-written summary
CaO NPs adhered to the body surface of Callosobruchus maculatus and caused physical toxicity, dehydration, desiccation and death.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Treatment
- CaO NPse3
- Interactor
- C. maculatusCallosobruchus maculatuse3pest
- Outcome
- physical toxicity, dehydration, desiccation, and deathe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study utilizes a naturally available biomass waste of freshwater molluscan shells as a source for preparation of biocalcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) in the management of pulse beetle of Callosobruchus maculatus ( C. maculatus ) and growth enhancement of agro-morphological characters and antioxidant enzyme level in greengram seeds”
e3“CaO NPs interacted with C. maculatus by adherence on the body surface of the insect and caused sequential physical toxicity, dehydration, desiccation, and death”
Claim · model-written summary
In silico docking gave a binding energy of −1.4 kcal/mol between CaO and acetylcholinesterase.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Gene
- acetylcholinesterasee4
- Outcome
- binding energiese4
- Value
- −1.4e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study utilizes a naturally available biomass waste of freshwater molluscan shells as a source for preparation of biocalcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) in the management of pulse beetle of Callosobruchus maculatus ( C. maculatus ) and growth enhancement of agro-morphological characters and antioxidant enzyme level in greengram seeds”
e4“The in silico molecular docking studies of CaO with detoxifying enzymes revealed greater affinity and binding energies of −1.4, −1.4, and −1.3 kcal/mol in acetylcholinesterase, cytochrome-c, and glutathione- S -transferase, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In silico docking gave a binding energy of −1.4 kcal/mol between CaO and cytochrome-c.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Gene
- cytochrome-ce4
- Outcome
- binding energiese4
- Value
- −1.4e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study utilizes a naturally available biomass waste of freshwater molluscan shells as a source for preparation of biocalcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) in the management of pulse beetle of Callosobruchus maculatus ( C. maculatus ) and growth enhancement of agro-morphological characters and antioxidant enzyme level in greengram seeds”
e4“The in silico molecular docking studies of CaO with detoxifying enzymes revealed greater affinity and binding energies of −1.4, −1.4, and −1.3 kcal/mol in acetylcholinesterase, cytochrome-c, and glutathione- S -transferase, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In silico docking gave a binding energy of −1.3 kcal/mol between CaO and glutathione-S-transferase.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Gene
- glutathione- S -transferasee4
- Outcome
- binding energiese4
- Value
- −1.3e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study utilizes a naturally available biomass waste of freshwater molluscan shells as a source for preparation of biocalcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) in the management of pulse beetle of Callosobruchus maculatus ( C. maculatus ) and growth enhancement of agro-morphological characters and antioxidant enzyme level in greengram seeds”
e4“The in silico molecular docking studies of CaO with detoxifying enzymes revealed greater affinity and binding energies of −1.4, −1.4, and −1.3 kcal/mol in acetylcholinesterase, cytochrome-c, and glutathione- S -transferase, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
CaO NP-treated greengram seeds showed significant enhancement of seed germination, shoot length and root length over deltamethrin and control.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Treatment
- CaO NP-treated seedse5
- Outcome
- seed germination, shoot length, root lengthe5
- Direction
- enhancemente5
- Comparator
- deltamethrin and controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study utilizes a naturally available biomass waste of freshwater molluscan shells as a source for preparation of biocalcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) in the management of pulse beetle of Callosobruchus maculatus ( C. maculatus ) and growth enhancement of agro-morphological characters and antioxidant enzyme level in greengram seeds”
e5“Furthermore, CaO NP-treated seeds showed significant enhancement in seed germination, shoot length, root length, seedling length, subroot numbers, and vigor index over deltamethrin and control”
Claim · model-written summary
CaO NP-treated greengram seeds showed significant enhancement of seedling length, subroot numbers and vigor index over deltamethrin and control.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Treatment
- CaO NP-treated seedse5
- Outcome
- seedling length, subroot numbers, and vigor indexe5
- Direction
- enhancemente5
- Comparator
- deltamethrin and controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study utilizes a naturally available biomass waste of freshwater molluscan shells as a source for preparation of biocalcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) in the management of pulse beetle of Callosobruchus maculatus ( C. maculatus ) and growth enhancement of agro-morphological characters and antioxidant enzyme level in greengram seeds”
e5“Furthermore, CaO NP-treated seeds showed significant enhancement in seed germination, shoot length, root length, seedling length, subroot numbers, and vigor index over deltamethrin and control”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds treated with CaO NPs produced more ROS than the hydro-primed control.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Treatment
- CaO NPse6
- Outcome
- ROSe6
- Direction
- moree6
- Comparator
- hydro-primed controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study utilizes a naturally available biomass waste of freshwater molluscan shells as a source for preparation of biocalcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) in the management of pulse beetle of Callosobruchus maculatus ( C. maculatus ) and growth enhancement of agro-morphological characters and antioxidant enzyme level in greengram seeds”
e6“Seeds treated with CaO NPs produced more ROS than hydro-primed control, indicating that ROS are crucial for improving seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
ROS are indicated to be crucial for improving seed germination in greengram.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Compound
- ROSe6
- Outcome
- improving seed germinatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study utilizes a naturally available biomass waste of freshwater molluscan shells as a source for preparation of biocalcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) in the management of pulse beetle of Callosobruchus maculatus ( C. maculatus ) and growth enhancement of agro-morphological characters and antioxidant enzyme level in greengram seeds”
e6“Seeds treated with CaO NPs produced more ROS than hydro-primed control, indicating that ROS are crucial for improving seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
CaO NPs were confirmed in greengram seedlings through AAS.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Outcome
- CaO NPs in the greengram seedlingse7
- Qualifier
- confirmed through AASe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study utilizes a naturally available biomass waste of freshwater molluscan shells as a source for preparation of biocalcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) in the management of pulse beetle of Callosobruchus maculatus ( C. maculatus ) and growth enhancement of agro-morphological characters and antioxidant enzyme level in greengram seeds”
e7“CaO NPs in the greengram seedlings were confirmed through AAS”
Claim · model-written summary
CaO NPs had an average size of 54.42 nm by TEM and FE-SEM.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Outcome
- average sizee7
- Value
- 54.42 nme7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study utilizes a naturally available biomass waste of freshwater molluscan shells as a source for preparation of biocalcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) in the management of pulse beetle of Callosobruchus maculatus ( C. maculatus ) and growth enhancement of agro-morphological characters and antioxidant enzyme level in greengram seeds”
e7“TEM and FE-SEM micrographs of CaO NPs found a granular morphology with an average size of 54.42 nm”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.