Abstract
Rhizoctonia root rot and web blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is one of the destructive diseases of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A two-year study was conducted (2019–2021) to evaluate the common bean landraces and genotype, biocontrol agents, and chemical fungicides against the pathogen. Nine landraces from high-altitude agriculture in the Jumla district in western Nepal (29.27443900, 82.19332200; 2540 m msl) and one genotype of commercial common bean from the sub-tropical Chitwan district in central Nepal (27.65186564, 84.34869288; 256 m masl) were evaluated for resistance against the pathogen under screenhouse and field conditions. All were found highly susceptible to the pathogen and the highest lesion length (3.02 cm) was measured in the Rato Male Simi followed by Rato Sano Chhirke Simi (2.40 cm) in Chitwan conditions. Three chemical fungicides—SAAF™ (carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% WP), Vitavax® (carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5% DS), and Nativo® (tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% w/w (75 WG)—and three biocontrol agents—Trichoderma viride (109 cfu/mL), Pseudomonas fluorescens (109 cfu/mL), and Bacillus subtilis (108 cfu/mL)—were evaluated as seed and soil treatments in fourteen different combinations against R. solani. SAAF™ and Vitavax® were found highly effective as they completely suppressed the incidence of pre-emergence damping off. SAAF™ was equally effective followed by Vitavax® and Nativo® in suppressing post-emergence damping off. On the other hand, the highest disease incidence (26.63%) was recorded in treatment where seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens formulation at the rate of 10 g per kg of FYM slurry along with soil application with Pseudomonas fluorescens formulation at the rate of 10 kg per ha with 50 kg FYM was applied, whereas the lowest disease incidence (4.96%) occurred in SAAF™ for both seed and soil applications. Highest grain yield (4125 kg/ha) was recorded on Nativo® where seed treatment at the rate of 1.5 g per kg along with soil drenching at the rate of 1.5 g per liter was used. Thus, it can be concluded that the best control for pre-emergence damping off was achieved by SAAF™ where seed treatment at the rate of 2 g per kg along with soil drenching at the rate of 2 g per liter and Vitavax® as seed treatment at the rate of 2 g per kg along with soil drenching at the rate of 2 g per liter was used, while the best control of post-emergence damping off was achieved with combined seed treatment and soil treatment with SAAF™. There was no incidence of web blight throughout the growing period. Our findings could be useful in devising strategies for the integrated management of R. solani causing root rot disease in common beans.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
All common bean landraces and the genotype tested were highly susceptible to Rhizoctonia solani.
- Taxon
- Common Bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Material
- Nine landracese2
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- highly susceptible to the pathogene1
- Setting
- screenhouse and field conditionse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e0“caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn”
e1“All were found highly susceptible to the pathogen”
e2“Nine landraces from high-altitude agriculture in the Jumla district in western Nepal”
e3“were evaluated for resistance against the pathogen under screenhouse and field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Rato Male Simi had the highest lesion length of 3.02 cm among the common bean entries in Chitwan conditions.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- Rato Male Simie4
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion lengthe4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 3.02 cme4
- Setting
- Chitwan conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e0“caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn”
e4“the highest lesion length (3.02 cm) was measured in the Rato Male Simi followed by Rato Sano Chhirke Simi (2.40 cm) in Chitwan conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
SAAF fungicide completely suppressed the incidence of pre-emergence damping off in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- SAAF™e5
- Outcome
- incidence of pre-emergence damping offe5
- Direction
- completely suppressede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e5“SAAF™ and Vitavax® were found highly effective as they completely suppressed the incidence of pre-emergence damping off”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitavax fungicide completely suppressed the incidence of pre-emergence damping off in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Vitavax®e5
- Outcome
- incidence of pre-emergence damping offe5
- Direction
- completely suppressede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e5“SAAF™ and Vitavax® were found highly effective as they completely suppressed the incidence of pre-emergence damping off”
Claim · model-written summary
SAAF was equally effective as Vitavax and Nativo in suppressing post-emergence damping off in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- SAAF™e6
- Outcome
- suppressing post-emergence damping offe6
- Direction
- equally effectivee6
- Comparator
- Vitavax® and Nativo®e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e6“SAAF™ was equally effective followed by Vitavax® and Nativo® in suppressing post-emergence damping off”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens combined with soil application gave the highest disease incidence of 26.63% in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens formulation at the rate of 10 g per kg of FYM slurrye7
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense7biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- disease incidencee7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 26.63%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e7“the highest disease incidence (26.63%) was recorded in treatment where seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens formulation at the rate of 10 g per kg of FYM slurry along with soil application with Pseudomonas fluorescens formulation at the rate of 10 kg per ha with 50 kg FYM was applied”
Claim · model-written summary
SAAF applied to both seed and soil gave the lowest disease incidence of 4.96% in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- SAAF™ for both seed and soil applicationse1
- Outcome
- disease incidencee1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 4.96%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e1“the lowest disease incidence (4.96%) occurred in SAAF™ for both seed and soil applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Nativo gave the highest grain yield of 4125 kg/ha in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Nativo®e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- Higheste1
- Value
- 4125 kg/hae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e1“Highest grain yield (4125 kg/ha) was recorded on Nativo® where seed treatment at the rate of 1.5 g per kg along with soil drenching at the rate of 1.5 g per liter was used”
Claim · model-written summary
SAAF gave the best control of pre-emergence damping off in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- SAAF™e1
- Outcome
- pre-emergence damping offe1
- Direction
- best controle1
- Qualifier
- seed treatment at the rate of 2 g per kg along with soil drenching at the rate of 2 g per litere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e1“the best control for pre-emergence damping off was achieved by SAAF™ where seed treatment at the rate of 2 g per kg along with soil drenching at the rate of 2 g per liter”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitavax gave the best control of pre-emergence damping off in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Vitavax®e2
- Outcome
- pre-emergence damping offe1
- Direction
- best controle1
- Qualifier
- seed treatment at the rate of 2 g per kg along with soil drenching at the rate of 2 g per litere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e1“the best control for pre-emergence damping off was achieved by SAAF™ where seed treatment at the rate of 2 g per kg along with soil drenching at the rate of 2 g per liter”
e2“Vitavax® as seed treatment at the rate of 2 g per kg along with soil drenching at the rate of 2 g per liter was used”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined seed and soil treatment with SAAF gave the best control of post-emergence damping off in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- combined seed treatment and soil treatment with SAAF™e1
- Outcome
- post-emergence damping offe1
- Direction
- best controle1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e1“the best control of post-emergence damping off was achieved with combined seed treatment and soil treatment with SAAF™”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no incidence of web blight in common bean throughout the growing period.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- incidence of web blighte1
- Qualifier
- throughout the growing periode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e1“There was no incidence of web blight throughout the growing period”
The same questions in other papers
Pseudomonas fluorescens · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →fertilization · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →seed treatment · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
19 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.