Abstract
The mutualistic system involving grasses, endophytic fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has been extensively studied. Several studies have focused on the effects of Epichloë endophytic fungi on AMF colonization and the impact of their simultaneous symbiosis on the host under different nutritional conditions, while environmental factors, such as salt stress, have received less attention. This study, using wild barley (Hordeum brevisubulatum) as the experimental material, investigated the effects of simultaneous symbiosis between Epichloë bromicola fungi and three different AMF treatments on the growth, nutrient absorption, and biomass (aboveground and belowground) allocation of wild barley under salt stress. Moreover, the nutrient and biomass changes of the salt effects were explored in these two types of fungi on wild barley during different stages of symbiosis establishment. Under high salt stress, AMF colonization inhibited the growth of wild barley. E. bromicola and Glomus claroideum (GC) mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of wild barley are independent. In E. bromicola-infected (E+) plants, colonization by Glomus mossease (GM) and G. claroideum + G. mossease (Gmix) mycorrhizal fungi led to growth parameters reductions, indicating an antagonistic interaction between E. bromicola and G. mossease.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization inhibited wild barley growth under high salt.
- Taxon
- wild barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneume0 - Treatment
- AMF colonizatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth of wild barleye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Under high salt stress, AMF colonization inhibited the growth of wild barley.”
Claim · model-written summary
E. bromicola and G. claroideum independently affected wild barley growth.
- Taxon
- wild barleyHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneume0
- Interactor
- E. bromicolae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Glomus claroideum (GC)Entrophospora claroideae0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth of wild barleye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. bromicola and Glomus claroideum (GC) mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of wild barley are independent.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glomus mossease reduced growth parameters in E. bromicola infected barley.
- Taxon
- wild barleyHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneumt0
- Treatment
- colonization by Glomus mossease (GM)e0
- Interactor
- Glomus mossease (GM)e0symbiont
- Second interactor
- E. bromicolae0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In E. bromicola-infected (E+) plants, colonization by Glomus mossease (GM) and G. claroideum + G. mossease (Gmix) mycorrhizal fungi led to growth parameters reductions”
t0“wild barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixed mycorrhizal treatment reduced growth parameters in E. bromicola infected barley.
- Taxon
- wild barleyHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneumt0
- Treatment
- G. claroideum + G. mossease (Gmix)e0
- Interactor
- G. mosseasee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- E. bromicolae0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In E. bromicola-infected (E+) plants, colonization by Glomus mossease (GM) and G. claroideum + G. mossease (Gmix) mycorrhizal fungi led to growth parameters reductions”
t0“wild barley”
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