Paper · 2025 · Journal of Agricultural Extension

Comparison of Rice Yield among Farmer's Fertilizer Practices

Uchechukwu Paschal Chukwudi; Emmanuel Ikechukwu Eze; Chinenye Ruth Arazu; et al.

5
claims
14
verbatim quotes
1
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc-nd

Abstract

The study examined rice farmers’ fertiliser purchasing behaviour and the impact of various fertiliser regimes on rice growth, yield, and grain nutrient content. Additionally, a field experiment using a randomised complete block design tested four treatments: no fertilizer (control), NPK20:10:10 (farmer’s practice), NPK20:10:10 + Single Superphosphate (SSP), and Urea + SSP. Results showed that while Urea + SSP improved growth metrics, NPK20:10:10+SSP achieved the highest grain yield (81 kg/plot) and 1000-seed weight (24.67 g), alongside elevated levels of iron and zinc, addressing both yield gaps and hidden hunger. These findings highlight the potential of phosphorus-enriched fertilizers to enhance productivity and nutritional outcomes in smallholder systems. The study underscores the importance of tailored, balanced fertilizer recommendations and sustainable interventions to address food security and malnutrition in Nigeria. Future research should explore these practices' scalability and long-term effects in diverse agrarian contexts.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 5

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Urea + SSP improved rice growth metrics.

Treatment
Urea + SSPe0
Outcome
growth metricse0
Direction
improvede0
Comparator
no fertilizer (control)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Urea + SSP improved growth metrics”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 402–436 · show in text ↑
t0

“Rice Yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 14–24 · show in text ↑
e1

“no fertilizer (control)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 259–282 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

NPK20:10:10+SSP gave the highest rice grain yield, 81 kg/plot.

Treatment
NPK20:10:10+SSPe0
Outcome
grain yielde0
Direction
higheste0
Value
81 kg/plote0
Comparator
no fertilizer (control)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“NPK20:10:10+SSP achieved the highest grain yield (81 kg/plot)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 438–499 · show in text ↑
t0

“Rice Yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 14–24 · show in text ↑
e1

“no fertilizer (control)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 259–282 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

NPK20:10:10+SSP gave the highest rice 1000-seed weight, 24.67 g.

Treatment
NPK20:10:10+SSPe0
Outcome
1000-seed weighte0
Direction
higheste0
Value
24.67 ge0
Comparator
no fertilizer (control)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“NPK20:10:10+SSP achieved the highest grain yield (81 kg/plot) and 1000-seed weight (24.67 g)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 438–530 · show in text ↑
t0

“Rice Yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 14–24 · show in text ↑
e1

“no fertilizer (control)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 259–282 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

NPK20:10:10+SSP elevated grain iron and zinc levels.

Treatment
NPK20:10:10+SSPe0
Outcome
levels of iron and zince0
Direction
elevatede0
Comparator
no fertilizer (control)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“NPK20:10:10+SSP achieved the highest grain yield (81 kg/plot) and 1000-seed weight (24.67 g), alongside elevated levels of iron and zinc”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 438–574 · show in text ↑
t0

“Rice Yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 14–24 · show in text ↑
e1

“no fertilizer (control)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 259–282 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend tailored, balanced fertilizer recommendations for Nigerian smallholder systems.

Outcome
tailored, balanced fertilizer recommendationse0
Setting
Nigeriae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The study underscores the importance of tailored, balanced fertilizer recommendations and sustainable interventions to address food security and malnutrition in Nigeria”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 769–937 · show in text ↑
t0

“Rice Yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 14–24 · show in text ↑

phosphorus · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

166 papers: 133 positive, 33 negative or no effect

132 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

162 papers more in this group

See all 166 papers →

phosphorus · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

168 papers: 142 positive, 26 negative or no effect

141 papers in the same direction as this paper · 25 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

164 papers more in this group

See all 168 papers →

phosphorus · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

475 papers: 419 positive, 56 negative or no effect

418 papers in the same direction as this paper · 46 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

471 papers more in this group

See all 475 papers →

nitrogen · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

511 papers: 402 positive, 109 negative or no effect

401 papers in the same direction as this paper · 101 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

507 papers more in this group

See all 511 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.