Abstract
The natural rooting rate and speed of cuttings of Camellia sinensis var. Assamica cv. Hainan-dayezhong (HD) are relatively low. To investigate the mechanisms by which growth regulators promote adventitious root (AR) formation in this tea variety, this study examined the effects of exogenous indene-naphthaleneacetic acid (ABT-1) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) treatments on the AR formation of cuttings, using water as a control. Systematic measurements and comparisons were carried out on the changes and differences in nutrient content, oxidase activity, and endogenous hormone levels and ratios during the AR formation process under the influence of exogenous hormone treatments. The relationships between these factors and the progression of AR formation in HD were analyzed. Both ABT-1 and IBA treatments significantly accelerated the AR formation process and improved the AR formation rate and AR formation index. Among them, IBA treatment showed a more pronounced promoting effect, increasing the AR formation rate by 21.58% and achieving an AR formation index of 32.14% compared with the control. During the AR formation process, both ABT-1 and IBA treatments increased the soluble sugar content and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity during the callus induction phase while decreasing peroxidase (POD) and indole-3-acetic acid oxidase (IAAO) activity during the callus induction and adventitious root initiation phases. Additionally, both treatments accelerated the consumption of endogenous hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) and amplified fluctuations in cytokinin (CTK) levels and IAA/ABA ratios. Notably, IBA treatment resulted in greater changes in the soluble protein content and IAA/ABA ratio, with an increase of 49.22% and 80.87%, respectively. The two peaks of PPO activity occurred earlier, on days 10 and 40 after cutting, with IBA treatment having 6.85% and 40.35% higher activity than ABT-1 treatment at the corresponding time points, thereby maintaining relatively higher levels throughout callus induction and adventitious root initiation phases. Furthermore, IAAO activity decreased more significantly on days 10 and 30 after cutting, with decreases of 35.45% and 40.75%, respectively, which favored the formation of adventitious roots more. Both treatments promoted AR formation by regulating physiological balance, but IBA demonstrated superior efficacy in accelerating HD cutting rooting. These findings highlight IBA’s potential as a targeted growth regulator for improving HD propagation efficiency.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
ABT-1 and IBA accelerated adventitious root formation.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensist0 - Treatment
- ABT-1 and IBA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- AR formation processe0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both ABT-1 and IBA treatments significantly accelerated the AR formation process”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
ABT-1 and IBA improved adventitious root formation rate and index.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- ABT-1 and IBA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- AR formation rate and AR formation indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both ABT-1 and IBA treatments significantly accelerated the AR formation process and improved the AR formation rate and AR formation index.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA increased adventitious root formation rate by 21.58% versus control.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- IBA treatmente0
- Outcome
- AR formation ratee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 21.58%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among them, IBA treatment showed a more pronounced promoting effect, increasing the AR formation rate by 21.58% and achieving an AR formation index of 32.14% compared with the control.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA achieved an adventitious root formation index of 32.14% versus control.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- IBA treatmente0
- Outcome
- AR formation indexe0
- Value
- 32.14%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among them, IBA treatment showed a more pronounced promoting effect, increasing the AR formation rate by 21.58% and achieving an AR formation index of 32.14% compared with the control.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Both regulators increased soluble sugar content during callus induction.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- ABT-1 and IBA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the AR formation process, both ABT-1 and IBA treatments increased the soluble sugar content and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity during the callus induction phase while decreasing peroxidase (POD) and indole-3-acetic acid oxidase (IAAO) activity during the callus induction and adventitious root initiation phases.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Both regulators increased polyphenol oxidase activity during callus induction.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- ABT-1 and IBA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the AR formation process, both ABT-1 and IBA treatments increased the soluble sugar content and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity during the callus induction phase while decreasing peroxidase (POD) and indole-3-acetic acid oxidase (IAAO) activity during the callus induction and adventitious root initiation phases.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Both regulators decreased peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- ABT-1 and IBA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the AR formation process, both ABT-1 and IBA treatments increased the soluble sugar content and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity during the callus induction phase while decreasing peroxidase (POD) and indole-3-acetic acid oxidase (IAAO) activity during the callus induction and adventitious root initiation phases.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Both regulators decreased indole-3-acetic acid oxidase activity.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- ABT-1 and IBA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- indole-3-acetic acid oxidase (IAAO) activitye0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the AR formation process, both ABT-1 and IBA treatments increased the soluble sugar content and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity during the callus induction phase while decreasing peroxidase (POD) and indole-3-acetic acid oxidase (IAAO) activity during the callus induction and adventitious root initiation phases.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments accelerated consumption of IAA and ABA.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- both treatmentse0
- Outcome
- consumption of endogenous hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, both treatments accelerated the consumption of endogenous hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) and amplified fluctuations in cytokinin (CTK) levels and IAA/ABA ratios.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments amplified fluctuations in CTK levels and IAA/ABA ratios.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- both treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fluctuations in cytokinin (CTK) levels and IAA/ABA ratiose0
- Direction
- amplifiede0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, both treatments accelerated the consumption of endogenous hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) and amplified fluctuations in cytokinin (CTK) levels and IAA/ABA ratios.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA increased soluble protein content by 49.22%.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- IBA treatmente0
- Outcome
- soluble protein contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 49.22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Notably, IBA treatment resulted in greater changes in the soluble protein content and IAA/ABA ratio, with an increase of 49.22% and 80.87%, respectively.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA increased IAA/ABA ratio by 80.87%.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- IBA treatmente0
- Outcome
- IAA/ABA ratioe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 80.87%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Notably, IBA treatment resulted in greater changes in the soluble protein content and IAA/ABA ratio, with an increase of 49.22% and 80.87%, respectively.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA advanced the two PPO activity peaks to days 10 and 40.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- IBA treatmente0
- Outcome
- peaks of PPO activitye0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- days 10 and 40 after cuttinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two peaks of PPO activity occurred earlier, on days 10 and 40 after cutting, with IBA treatment having 6.85% and 40.35% higher activity than ABT-1 treatment at the corresponding time points, thereby maintaining relatively higher levels throughout callus induction and adventitious root initiation phases.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA increased PPO activity by 6.85% versus ABT-1 at day 10.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- IBA treatmente0
- Outcome
- PPO activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6.85%e0
- Comparator
- ABT-1 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two peaks of PPO activity occurred earlier, on days 10 and 40 after cutting, with IBA treatment having 6.85% and 40.35% higher activity than ABT-1 treatment at the corresponding time points, thereby maintaining relatively higher levels throughout callus induction and adventitious root initiation phases.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA increased PPO activity by 40.35% versus ABT-1 at day 40.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- IBA treatmente0
- Outcome
- PPO activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 40.35%e0
- Comparator
- ABT-1 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two peaks of PPO activity occurred earlier, on days 10 and 40 after cutting, with IBA treatment having 6.85% and 40.35% higher activity than ABT-1 treatment at the corresponding time points, thereby maintaining relatively higher levels throughout callus induction and adventitious root initiation phases.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
IAAO activity decreased by 35.45% on day 10.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Outcome
- IAAO activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 35.45%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, IAAO activity decreased more significantly on days 10 and 30 after cutting, with decreases of 35.45% and 40.75%, respectively, which favored the formation of adventitious roots more.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
IAAO activity decreased by 40.75% on day 30.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Outcome
- IAAO activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 40.75%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, IAAO activity decreased more significantly on days 10 and 30 after cutting, with decreases of 35.45% and 40.75%, respectively, which favored the formation of adventitious roots more.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments promoted root formation through physiological balance.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- Both treatmentse0
- Outcome
- AR formatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both treatments promoted AR formation by regulating physiological balance, but IBA demonstrated superior efficacy in accelerating HD cutting rooting.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA was more effective in accelerating cutting rooting.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- IBAe0
- Outcome
- HD cutting rootinge0
- Direction
- acceleratinge0
- Comparator
- Both treatmentse0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both treatments promoted AR formation by regulating physiological balance, but IBA demonstrated superior efficacy in accelerating HD cutting rooting.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA has potential to improve HD propagation efficiency.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- IBAe0
- Outcome
- improving HD propagation efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These findings highlight IBA’s potential as a targeted growth regulator for improving HD propagation efficiency.”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-butyric acid · growth · Camellia sinensis (black tea)Results agree
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