Abstract
Postharvest losses are a great obstacle that reduces tomato production in many developing countries, including Egypt. Research was carried out to evaluate the effects of pre-harvest treatments on growth, fruit yield, quality, and fruit characteristics of tomato; variety ‘Nora 765’. The experiment comprised four spraying treatments, viz., control (without spraying), calcium chloride (CaCl2 1.5%), chitosan 1.5%, and a combination of chitosan 1.5% + CaCl2 1.5%, sprayed either foliar (F) or at Green Mature Fruits stage (GM). Foliar spraying with CaCl2 gave the tallest plants and the widest stems. Also, CaCl2 treated plants sprayed at either F or GM had higher fruit numbers than most of the treatments. Spraying the foliage with CaCl2 gave significantly the highest fruit yield in the experiments and showed a lower fruit weight loss than the control in most of the days. In the first season only, plants’ foliar sprayed with CaCl2, chitosan, and mix treatments had better visual appearance and hardness than control fruits after 12 days of storage. Foliar spraying with chitosan had lower microbial fungi than the control. Flavonoids, and total phenolic contents were higher in all GM spraying treatments than the control. However, lycopene was lower in all foliar sprayed treatments than the control. It could be concluded that, under these experimental conditions, CaCl2 was the best treatment for tomato growth and yield and for improving fruit visual appearance, firmness, and delaying skin color development, while foliar chitosan can be used for better postharvest fruit characteristics only.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium chloride produced the tallest plants and widest stems.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Foliar spraying with CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- tallest plants and the widest stemse0
- Direction
- talleste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with CaCl2 gave the tallest plants and the widest stems”
t0“Tomato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride at foliar or green mature stage increased fruit number relative to most treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CaCl2 treated plants sprayed at either F or GMe0
- Outcome
- fruit numberse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- most of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaCl2 treated plants sprayed at either F or GM had higher fruit numbers than most of the treatments”
t0“Tomato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium chloride yielded the most fruit, significantly.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Spraying the foliage with CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying the foliage with CaCl2 gave significantly the highest fruit yield in the experiments”
t0“Tomato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium chloride reduced fruit weight loss relative to control on most days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e1
- Outcome
- fruit weight losse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- most of the dayse0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“showed a lower fruit weight loss than the control in most of the days”
t0“Calcium Chloride, Chitosan, and their Combination Effects on Tomato Growth”
e1“Spraying the foliage with CaCl2”
Claim · model-written summary
First-season foliar CaCl2 improved stored fruit visual appearance and hardness versus control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- visual appearance and hardnesse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- after 12 days of storagee0
- Comparator
- control fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the first season only, plants’ foliar sprayed with CaCl2, chitosan, and mix treatments had better visual appearance and hardness than control fruits after 12 days of storage”
t0“Tomato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
First-season foliar chitosan improved stored fruit visual appearance and hardness versus control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chitosane0
- Outcome
- visual appearance and hardnesse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- after 12 days of storagee0
- Comparator
- control fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the first season only, plants’ foliar sprayed with CaCl2, chitosan, and mix treatments had better visual appearance and hardness than control fruits after 12 days of storage”
t0“Tomato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
First-season foliar mix treatments improved stored fruit visual appearance and hardness versus control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- mix treatmentse0
- Outcome
- visual appearance and hardnesse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- after 12 days of storagee0
- Comparator
- control fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the first season only, plants’ foliar sprayed with CaCl2, chitosan, and mix treatments had better visual appearance and hardness than control fruits after 12 days of storage”
t0“Tomato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar chitosan reduced microbial fungi relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with chitosane0
- Outcome
- microbial fungie0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with chitosan had lower microbial fungi than the control”
t0“Tomato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
All green mature spraying treatments increased flavonoids and total phenolics over control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- all GM spraying treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Flavonoids, and total phenolic contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flavonoids, and total phenolic contents were higher in all GM spraying treatments than the control”
t0“Tomato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
All foliar spray treatments reduced lycopene relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- all foliar sprayed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- lycopenee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lycopene was lower in all foliar sprayed treatments than the control”
t0“Tomato Growth”
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