Abstract
Application of Chitosan (CH) and salicylic acid (SA) in controlling the fungus Botrytis cinerea that causes gray mold on tomato fruits is a successful and safe alternative approach to chemical pesticides. Chitosan and salicylic acid were applied as Pre-harvest treatment at the concentration of 2000 mg/l and 250 mg/L under field the conditions on three different ripening stages of tomato fruits Turning, Pink, Light Red stages and to determine the best stage for application. The best concentration was determined in enhancing plant defenses against the pathogen and studying the effect of factors on the levels of some enzymes related to induction of resistance, such as peroxidase enzyme POD and PAL enzyme. The application of SA and CH had a significant effect in increasing the activity level of both enzymes, and treatment with salicylic revealed to an increase in the activity of POD enzyme in the treated plants and for the three fruit maturity stages (Turning, Pink, Light red), where the enzyme level was 17.33, 16.72 and 15.5 min /gm. The three stages of fruit ripening had an effect on increasing the activity of the POD enzyme, as it recorded 12.27, 12.12, 12.1 min/gm fresh weight, and the ripening stage affected the PAL enzyme, which was recorded at a level of 32.27, 31.53, 31.87 mg/gm fresh weight, for the three stages, respectively. Chitosan and salicylic did not differ in extending the shelf life of fruits and reducing losses depending on the rate of healthy fruits for the three stages at the end of the storage period at 25°C. Chitosan at a concentration of 2000 mg-1/L differed significantly from other concentrations in inhibiting the pathogenic fungus, as well as salicyac at a concentration of 250 mg-1/L was superior in its effectiveness compared with other concentrations. However, chitosan had a significant effect on the biofilm formation of B. cinerea, which displayed an average absorption degree of 0.53 (OD), while salicylic did not affect fungal biofilm formation, as the average absorption degree was 1.2 (OD) which did not differ from the control treatment.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan and salicylic acid increased POD and PAL activity.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- SA and CHe0
- Outcome
- activity level of both enzymese0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of SA and CH had a significant effect in increasing the activity level of both enzymes”
t0“Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased POD activity across turning, pink and light red fruit.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- Turning, Pink, Light rede0
- Treatment
- salicylice0
- Outcome
- activity of POD enzymee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 17.33, 16.72 and 15.5 min /gme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment with salicylic revealed to an increase in the activity of POD enzyme in the treated plants and for the three fruit maturity stages (Turning, Pink, Light red), where the enzyme level was 17.33, 16.72 and 15.5 min /gm”
t0“Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
POD activity differed across ripening stages.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- three stages of fruit ripeninge0
- Outcome
- activity of the POD enzymee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 12.27, 12.12, 12.1 min/gm fresh weighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The three stages of fruit ripening had an effect on increasing the activity of the POD enzyme, as it recorded 12.27, 12.12, 12.1 min/gm fresh weight”
t0“Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PAL activity varied across ripening stages.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- ripening stagee0
- Outcome
- PAL enzymee0
- Value
- 32.27, 31.53, 31.87 mg/gm fresh weighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ripening stage affected the PAL enzyme, which was recorded at a level of 32.27, 31.53, 31.87 mg/gm fresh weight”
t0“Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan and salicylic acid did not differ in fruit shelf life and losses.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Chitosane0
- Outcome
- shelf life of fruits and reducing lossese0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Qualifier
- at the end of the storage period at 25°Ce0
- Comparator
- salicylice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan and salicylic did not differ in extending the shelf life of fruits and reducing losses depending on the rate of healthy fruits for the three stages at the end of the storage period at 25°C”
t0“Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan at 2000 mg-1/L significantly inhibited the fungus relative to other concentrations.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Chitosan at a concentration of 2000 mg-1/Le0
- Outcome
- inhibiting the pathogenic funguse0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
- Comparator
- other concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan at a concentration of 2000 mg-1/L differed significantly from other concentrations in inhibiting the pathogenic fungus”
t0“Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid at 250 mg-1/L was more effective than other concentrations.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salicyac at a concentration of 250 mg-1/Le0
- Outcome
- effectivenesse0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- other concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salicyac at a concentration of 250 mg-1/L was superior in its effectiveness compared with other concentrations”
t0“Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan affected B. cinerea biofilm formation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chitosane0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- biofilm formation of B. cinereae0
- Value
- 0.53 (OD)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chitosan had a significant effect on the biofilm formation of B. cinerea, which displayed an average absorption degree of 0.53 (OD)”
t0“Greenhouse Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid did not affect fungal biofilm formation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salicylice0
- Outcome
- fungal biofilm formatione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Value
- 1.2 (OD)e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salicylic did not affect fungal biofilm formation, as the average absorption degree was 1.2 (OD) which did not differ from the control treatment”
t0“Greenhouse Tomato”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.