Abstract
Humic acids (HAs), tea polyphenols (TPs), and fulvic acids (FAs) are bioactive substances known for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and plant growth-promoting properties. However, the chemical structures and molecular mechanisms underlying their growth-promoting effects remain unclear. Solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis reveals that FA has the most aromatic and oxygen-containing groups, followed by HA and TP, with a molecular weight ranking of HA > TP > FA. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that these biostimulants unregulated genes related to IAA, C and N metabolism, and pathogen resistance, leading to enhanced synthesis of amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and sugars while improving N and P utilization efficiency. Small molecular weight and aromatic compounds with carboxyl groups and phenolic hydroxyl (especially those with high O/C or (O + H)/C ratios) are crucial for stimulating hormone synthesis and nutrient uptake. These findings provide valuable insights into developing novel fertilizers and artificially regulating humic substances.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Fulvic acids had the most aromatic and oxygen-containing groups, followed by humic acids and tea polyphenols.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Outcome
- aromatic and oxygen-containing groupse0
- Direction
- moste0
Not reportedMaterial
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FA has the most aromatic and oxygen-containing groups, followed by HA and TP”
t0“Tomato Seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Molecular weight ranked humic acids above tea polyphenols above fulvic acids.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- molecular weight rankinge0
- Value
- HA > TP > FAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“molecular weight ranking of HA > TP > FA”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants upregulated genes related to IAA, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and pathogen resistance.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- these biostimulantse0
- Outcome
- genes related to IAA, C and N metabolism, and pathogen resistancee0
- Direction
- unregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these biostimulants unregulated genes related to IAA, C and N metabolism, and pathogen resistance”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants enhanced synthesis of amino acids, lipids and vitamins.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- these biostimulantse0
- Outcome
- synthesis of amino acids, lipids, vitaminse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these biostimulants unregulated genes related to IAA, C and N metabolism, and pathogen resistance, leading to enhanced synthesis of amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and sugars”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants enhanced sugar synthesis.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- these biostimulantse1
- Outcome
- sugarse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced synthesis of amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and sugars”
t0“Tomato”
e1“these biostimulants unregulated genes related to IAA”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants improved nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- these biostimulantse1
- Outcome
- N and P utilization efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving N and P utilization efficiency”
e1“these biostimulants unregulated genes related to IAA”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Small aromatic molecules with carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups were identified as crucial to hormone synthesis and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- aromatic compounds with carboxyl groups and phenolic hydroxyle0
- Outcome
- hormone synthesis and nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
- Qualifier
- especially those with high O/C or (O + H)/C ratiose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Small molecular weight and aromatic compounds with carboxyl groups and phenolic hydroxyl (especially those with high O/C or (O + H)/C ratios) are crucial for stimulating hormone synthesis and nutrient uptake”
t0“Tomato”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.