Effects of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of soybean

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is valued for its high protein content and versatile applications. This study evaluated the effects of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and yield attributes of soybean. Six fertilizer treatments such as T1 = Farmers' improved practice (N=25, P=12, K=15, S=2 kg/ha), T2 = Recommended Dose (RD) (N = 25, P = 40, K = 45, S = 3, Zn = 1, B = 0.5 kg/ha), T3 = 50% RD + 1.2 kg/ha BINA SB-4, T4 = 100% RD + 1.2 kg/ha BINA SB-4, T5 = 100% RD (N = 5 kg/ha) + 1.2 kg/ha BINA SB-4 and T6 = 50% RD + 1.5 t/ha vermicompost, using BINA Soybean-6. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results revealed that treatment T5 (100% recommended dose with nitrogen and Bradyrhizobium inoculant) achieved the highest plant height, branching, leaf count, and pod formation, resulting in superior seed yield (2.54 t/ha), stover yield (3.64 t/ha), and biological yield (6.18 t/ha). Conversely, the absence of nitrogen in T4 reduced growth and yield. The study highlighted the synergistic benefits of combining fertilizers and bio-inoculants, achieving the highest harvest index (41.08%) in T5. These findings underscore the importance of integrated nutrient management strategies for optimizing soybean production in nutrient-deficient soils. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(1): 123-128, 2025 (March)

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Claims 7

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T5 gave the highest soybean height, branching and leaf count.

Taxon: SoybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment: treatment T5 (100% recommended dose with nitrogen and Bradyrhizobium inoculant)e1
Interactor: BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume1symbiont
Outcome: plant height, branching, leaf counte1
Direction: higheste1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Glycine max* · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

*Bradyrhizobium* · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Louisa Howard - Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–24 · show in text ↑

e1
“treatment T5 (100% recommended dose with nitrogen and Bradyrhizobium inoculant) achieved the highest plant height, branching, leaf count, and pod formation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 668–823 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T5 gave the highest soybean pod formation.

Taxon: SoybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment: treatment T5 (100% recommended dose with nitrogen and Bradyrhizobium inoculant)e1
Interactor: BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume1symbiont
Outcome: pod formatione1
Direction: higheste1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–24 · show in text ↑

e1
“treatment T5 (100% recommended dose with nitrogen and Bradyrhizobium inoculant) achieved the highest plant height, branching, leaf count, and pod formation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 668–823 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T5 produced soybean seed yield of 2.54 t/ha.

Taxon: SoybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment: treatment T5 (100% recommended dose with nitrogen and Bradyrhizobium inoculant)e1
Interactor: BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume1symbiont
Outcome: seed yielde2
Direction: superiore2
Value: 2.54 t/hae2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–24 · show in text ↑

e1
“treatment T5 (100% recommended dose with nitrogen and Bradyrhizobium inoculant)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 668–747 · show in text ↑

e2
“superior seed yield (2.54 t/ha)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 838–869 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T5 produced soybean stover yield of 3.64 t/ha.

Taxon: SoybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment: treatment T5 (100% recommended dose with nitrogen and Bradyrhizobium inoculant)e1
Interactor: BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume1symbiont
Outcome: stover yielde2
Direction: higherinferrede2
Value: 3.64 t/hae2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–24 · show in text ↑

e1
“treatment T5 (100% recommended dose with nitrogen and Bradyrhizobium inoculant)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 668–747 · show in text ↑

e2
“stover yield (3.64 t/ha)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 871–895 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T5 produced soybean biological yield of 6.18 t/ha.

Taxon: SoybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment: treatment T5 (100% recommended dose with nitrogen and Bradyrhizobium inoculant)e1
Interactor: BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume1symbiont
Outcome: biological yielde2
Direction: higherinferrede2
Value: 6.18 t/hae2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–24 · show in text ↑

e1
“treatment T5 (100% recommended dose with nitrogen and Bradyrhizobium inoculant)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 668–747 · show in text ↑

e2
“biological yield (6.18 t/ha)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 901–929 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Absence of nitrogen in T4 reduced soybean growth and yield.

Taxon: SoybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment: absence of nitrogen in T4e1
Outcome: growth and yielde1
Direction: reducede1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–24 · show in text ↑

e1
“the absence of nitrogen in T4 reduced growth and yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 943–997 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T5 had the highest soybean harvest index at 41.08%.

Taxon: SoybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment: treatment T5 (100% recommended dose with nitrogen and Bradyrhizobium inoculant)e1
Interactor: BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume1symbiont
Outcome: harvest indexe2
Direction: higheste2
Value: 41.08%e2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–24 · show in text ↑

e1
“treatment T5 (100% recommended dose with nitrogen and Bradyrhizobium inoculant)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 668–747 · show in text ↑

e2
“highest harvest index (41.08%) in T5”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1105–1141 · show in text ↑

Bradyrhizobium · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ

19 papers: 18 positive, 1 negative or no effect

17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

no effect
Bradyrhizobium showed no difference in soybean plant height at 4 and 14 weeks after planting.
Influence of Bradyrhizobium and Mycorrhiza on Growth, Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiency on Soybean under Manure Application · 2017
Opposite direction
positive
Trichoderma viride–Bradyrhizobium biofilm increased plant fresh and dry weight by 20–45% over other microbial treatments.
Evaluating the efficacy of cyanobacterial formulations and biofilmed inoculants for leguminous crops · 2013 · compared with other microbial treatments
Same direction
positive
Integrated nutrient management significantly increased plant height.
Nodulation, yield and quality of soybean as influenced by integrated nutrient management · 1970
Same direction

15 papers more in this group

See all 19 papers →

Bradyrhizobium · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ

36 papers: 32 positive, 4 negative or no effect

31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Bradyrhizobium inoculation had no significant effect on soybean grain yield.
Influence of Bradyrhizobium Inoculation and Fungicide Seed Treatment on Development and Yield of Cowpea, Lablab, and Soybean · 2017 · compared with a control
Opposite direction
negative
Sole Bradyrhizobium inoculation had 37.5% lower grain yield.
INFLUENCE OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM AND TWO GLOMUS SPECIES ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN · 2009 · compared with AMF treatments and SSP
Opposite direction
no effect
Bradyrhizobium inoculum in any formulation did not significantly increase soybean yield relative to the untreated control at any site.
Soybean yield response to Bradyrhizobium inoculation on southeastern coastal plain soils · 2022 · compared with untreated control
Opposite direction

32 papers more in this group

See all 36 papers →

nitrogen · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

153 papers: 117 positive, 36 negative or no effect

116 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
High ammonium inhibited soybean cell growth.
The Effects of Amino Acids and Ammonium on the Growth of Plant Cells in Suspension Culture · 1970
Opposite direction
no effect
Nitrate supply affected growth and nitrogen accumulation little.
Isotopic Discriminations During the Accumulation of Nitrogen by Soybeans · 1988
Opposite direction
no effect
Neither nitrogen supply nor plant age had a significant effect on the ratio of RuBP regeneration capacity to Vcmax in soybean.
Comparison of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO₂ and limited nitrogen supply in soybean · 1998
Opposite direction

149 papers more in this group

See all 153 papers →

inoculation · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

358 papers: 323 positive, 35 negative or no effect

322 papers in the same direction as this paper · 33 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Prior colonization by either endophyte inhibited development of the other.
Glycine-Glomus-Rhizobium Symbiosis · 1985
Opposite direction
negative
Inoculation with M. elongata PMI 77 decreased the height of Glycine max by 30.6%.
Mortierella elongata Increases Plant Biomass among Non-Leguminous Crop Species · 2020
Opposite direction
negative
Without nitrate, the delayed inoculated side had significantly smaller root fresh weight.
Lack of Systemic Suppression of Nodulation in Split Root Systems of Supernodulating Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Mutants · 1989 · compared with the two sides
Opposite direction

354 papers more in this group

See all 358 papers →

nitrogen · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

416 papers: 318 positive, 98 negative or no effect

317 papers in the same direction as this paper · 91 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Soybeans relying only on atmospheric nitrogen yielded less than half as much seed as those using nitrate and atmospheric nitrogen in hydroponics.
Soil and Symbiotic Nitrogen Requirements for Optimum Soybean Production¹ · 1974 · compared with plants utilizing both nitrate and atmospheric nitrogen
Opposite direction
no effect
Applied nitrogen did not significantly affect grain yield; the observed increase was 39 kg ha−1.
Nitrogen Application to Soybean at Early Reproductive Development · 2005 · compared with no‐N control
Opposite direction
negative
Nitrogen stress during seed development reduced soybean final seed size.
The Effect of Source-Sink Alterations on Soybean Seed Growth* · 1985
Opposite direction

412 papers more in this group

See all 416 papers →

inoculation · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

566 papers: 491 positive, 75 negative or no effect

490 papers in the same direction as this paper · 63 in the opposite direction · 12 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Inoculation did not significantly change soybean seed yield in either year.
Persistence and Recovery of Rhizobium japonicum Inoculum in a Field Soil¹ · 1984
Opposite direction
no effect
Across 63 environments, inoculants did not produce a soybean yield response significantly different from zero relative to untreated control.
Probability of Yield Response to Inoculants in Fields with a History of Soybean · 2010 · compared with an untreated control
Opposite direction
no effect
Soybean soybean seed yield was unaffected by additional soil inoculation at V4 inoculation.
Soybean yield, biological N2 fixation and seed composition responses to additional inoculation in the United States · 2019
Opposite direction

562 papers more in this group

See all 566 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 7

The same questions in other papers

Bradyrhizobium · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ

Bradyrhizobium · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ

nitrogen · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

inoculation · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

nitrogen · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

inoculation · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results