Abstract
A screenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on the response of soybean to inoculation with two species of mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae and Glomus deserticola). The study was carried out in a screenhouse with soybean as test crop. The two species of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) were inoculated to the potted soil with or without B. japonicum. Single super phosphate (SSP) and zero amendment served as conventional and absolute control respectively. The experimental design was randomized complete block with 4 replicates. AMF/Bradyrhizobium interaction increased mycorrhizal fungi root colonization significantly (p = 0.05) by at least 35.9% at early growth stage (3 weeks after planting (WAP)) and 59.5% at later growth stage (9 WAP). G mosseae/Bradyrhizobium interaction significantly increased N and P uptakes by 68.9 and 80.0%, respectively, as well as plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, canopy spread and leaf area between 2 and 5 WAP. Soybean biomass increased significantly due to interaction of G mosseae and Bradyrhizobium by 42.2-53.4% between 3 and 9 WAP and nodule weight increased by 61.9-93.3% between 6 and 9 WAP. Grain yield per plant was similar in all AMF treatments and SSP but less in sole Bradyrhizobium inoculation by 37.5% and in control by 33.3%. AMF/Bradyrhizobium interactions produced higher N by up to 81% in the residual soil and the P content was similar to SSP but higher than in control by up to 32.3%. Interaction of G mosseae and Bradyrhizobium increased spores of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil by 41% at 3 WAP and 74.7% at 9 WAP. It was concluded that although Bradyrhizobium had a positive and synergistic influence on the activities of the two species of mycorrhizal fungi inoculated on soybean, the influence was, however, more pronounced on G mosseae than G deserticola.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation increased root colonization by at least 35.9% at 3 WAP.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- early growth stagee0
- Treatment
- AMF/Bradyrhizobium interactione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobiume0symbiont - Outcome
- mycorrhizal fungi root colonizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF/Bradyrhizobium interaction increased mycorrhizal fungi root colonization significantly (p = 0.05) by at least 35.9% at early growth stage (3 weeks after planting (WAP)) and 59.5% at later growth stage (9 WAP).”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation increased root colonization by 59.5% at 9 WAP.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- later growth stagee0
- Treatment
- AMF/Bradyrhizobium interactione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal fungi root colonizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 59.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF/Bradyrhizobium interaction increased mycorrhizal fungi root colonization significantly (p = 0.05) by at least 35.9% at early growth stage (3 weeks after planting (WAP)) and 59.5% at later growth stage (9 WAP).”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
G mosseae and Bradyrhizobium increased N uptake by 68.9%.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- G mosseae/Bradyrhizobium interactione0
- Interactor
- G mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Second interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 68.9e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“G mosseae/Bradyrhizobium interaction significantly increased N and P uptakes by 68.9 and 80.0%, respectively, as well as plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, canopy spread and leaf area between 2 and 5 WAP.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
G mosseae and Bradyrhizobium increased P uptake by 80.0%.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- G mosseae/Bradyrhizobium interactione0
- Interactor
- G mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- P uptakese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 80.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“G mosseae/Bradyrhizobium interaction significantly increased N and P uptakes by 68.9 and 80.0%, respectively, as well as plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, canopy spread and leaf area between 2 and 5 WAP.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased plant height, leaf number and branch number between 2 and 5 WAP.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- G mosseae/Bradyrhizobium interactione0
- Interactor
- G mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant height, number of leaves, number of branchese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“G mosseae/Bradyrhizobium interaction significantly increased N and P uptakes by 68.9 and 80.0%, respectively, as well as plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, canopy spread and leaf area between 2 and 5 WAP.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased canopy spread and leaf area between 2 and 5 WAP.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- G mosseae/Bradyrhizobium interactione0
- Interactor
- G mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- canopy spread and leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“G mosseae/Bradyrhizobium interaction significantly increased N and P uptakes by 68.9 and 80.0%, respectively, as well as plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, canopy spread and leaf area between 2 and 5 WAP.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined G mosseae and Bradyrhizobium increased biomass by 42.2-53.4%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- interaction of G mosseae and Bradyrhizobiume0
- Interactor
- G mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 42.2-53.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean biomass increased significantly due to interaction of G mosseae and Bradyrhizobium by 42.2-53.4% between 3 and 9 WAP and nodule weight increased by 61.9-93.3% between 6 and 9 WAP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined G mosseae and Bradyrhizobium increased nodule weight by 61.9-93.3%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- interaction of G mosseae and Bradyrhizobiume0
- Interactor
- G mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 61.9-93.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean biomass increased significantly due to interaction of G mosseae and Bradyrhizobium by 42.2-53.4% between 3 and 9 WAP and nodule weight increased by 61.9-93.3% between 6 and 9 WAP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was similar across AMF treatments and SSP.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- AMF treatmentse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Grain yield per plante0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- SSPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield per plant was similar in all AMF treatments and SSP but less in sole Bradyrhizobium inoculation by 37.5% and in control by 33.3%.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole Bradyrhizobium inoculation had 37.5% lower grain yield.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- sole Bradyrhizobium inoculatione0
- Interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- Grain yield per plante0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 37.5%e0
- Comparator
- AMF treatments and SSPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield per plant was similar in all AMF treatments and SSP but less in sole Bradyrhizobium inoculation by 37.5% and in control by 33.3%.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Control grain yield was 33.3% lower.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Grain yield per plante0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 33.3%e0
- Comparator
- AMF treatments and SSPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield per plant was similar in all AMF treatments and SSP but less in sole Bradyrhizobium inoculation by 37.5% and in control by 33.3%.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation raised residual soil N by up to 81%.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- AMF/Bradyrhizobium interactionse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 81%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF/Bradyrhizobium interactions produced higher N by up to 81% in the residual soil and the P content was similar to SSP but higher than in control by up to 32.3%.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual soil P under combined inoculation was similar to SSP.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- AMF/Bradyrhizobium interactionse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- P contente0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- SSPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF/Bradyrhizobium interactions produced higher N by up to 81% in the residual soil and the P content was similar to SSP but higher than in control by up to 32.3%.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual soil P under combined inoculation exceeded the control by up to 32.3%.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- AMF/Bradyrhizobium interactionse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- P contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 32.3%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF/Bradyrhizobium interactions produced higher N by up to 81% in the residual soil and the P content was similar to SSP but higher than in control by up to 32.3%.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation increased mycorrhizal spores in soil by 41% at 3 WAP.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Interaction of G mosseae and Bradyrhizobiume0
- Interactor
- G mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- spores of mycorrhizal fungi in the soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 41%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interaction of G mosseae and Bradyrhizobium increased spores of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil by 41% at 3 WAP and 74.7% at 9 WAP.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation increased mycorrhizal spores in soil by 74.7% at 9 WAP.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Interaction of G mosseae and Bradyrhizobiume0
- Interactor
- G mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- spores of mycorrhizal fungi in the soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 74.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interaction of G mosseae and Bradyrhizobium increased spores of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil by 41% at 3 WAP and 74.7% at 9 WAP.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium had a more pronounced synergy with G mosseae than G deserticola.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- G mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- influencee0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- G deserticolae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was concluded that although Bradyrhizobium had a positive and synergistic influence on the activities of the two species of mycorrhizal fungi inoculated on soybean, the influence was, however, more pronounced on G mosseae than G deserticola.”
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