Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) hold significant potential for enhancing agricultural production, extending the shelf life, and maintaining the quality of postharvest vegetables and fruits. In this study, after foliar spraying with 1, 10, and 50 mg of L−1 Fe-P NMs at different stages (seedling, flowering, and fruit stage), the pepper plant growth was significantly improved. In particular, the foliar application of 10 mg of L−1 Fe-P NMs during the flowering stage was found to be an optimal cultivation approach to promote the growth, yield, and freshness of peppers. Compared with the control group, Fe-P NMs increased net photosynthetic rate, plant height, and fruit number by 132.7%, 40.4%, and 265.7%, respectively. The applied Fe-P NMs, at the flowering stage, altered the capsaicin metabolic pathway, upregulating the genes for the synthesis of total phenols, flavonoids, lignans, and capsaicinoids. Consequently, these metabolites, which are beneficial for maintaining the freshness of pepper fruits, were increased. Furthermore, Fe-P NMs at the flowering stage downregulated the abundance of rot-causing microorganisms (Enterobacter and Chryseobacterium) and upregulated beneficial microorganisms (Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Sphingobacterium, and Paenibacillus) to change the microbial community structure. This ultimately created a micro-ecological environment conducive to the preservation of pepper fruits. For comparison, during pepper fruit storage, dipping and spraying with Fe-P NM suspensions effectively delayed weight loss and enhanced the growth of beneficial bacteria. Nevertheless, the effect was less pronounced than preharvest foliar application. This study provides insights into the pre- or postharvest application of NMs for improving the preservation performance of pepper fruits.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Fe-P foliar spraying significantly improved pepper growth.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying with 1, 10, and 50 mg of L−1 Fe-P NMse0
- Outcome
- pepper plant growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“after foliar spraying with 1, 10, and 50 mg of L−1 Fe-P NMs at different stages (seedling, flowering, and fruit stage), the pepper plant growth was significantly improved.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe-P treatment increased net photosynthetic rate 132.7%.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control group, Fe-P NMs increased net photosynthetic rate, plant height, and fruit number by 132.7%, 40.4%, and 265.7%, respectively.”
t0“Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe-P treatment increased plant height 40.4%.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control group, Fe-P NMs increased net photosynthetic rate, plant height, and fruit number by 132.7%, 40.4%, and 265.7%, respectively.”
t0“Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe-P treatment increased fruit number 265.7%.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control group, Fe-P NMs increased net photosynthetic rate, plant height, and fruit number by 132.7%, 40.4%, and 265.7%, respectively.”
t0“Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering-stage Fe-P altered the capsaicin metabolic pathway.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The applied Fe-P NMs, at the flowering stage, altered the capsaicin metabolic pathway”
t0“Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering-stage Fe-P upregulated genes for total phenols, flavonoids and lignans synthesis.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Treatment
- Fe-P NMse1
- Outcome
- genes for the synthesis of total phenols, flavonoids, lignanse0
- Direction
- upregulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“upregulating the genes for the synthesis of total phenols, flavonoids, lignans, and capsaicinoids.”
t0“Pepper”
e1“after foliar spraying with 1, 10, and 50 mg of L−1 Fe-P NMs at different stages (seedling, flowering, and fruit stage), the pepper plant growth was significantly improved.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering-stage Fe-P upregulated genes for capsaicinoid synthesis.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Treatment
- Fe-P NMse1
- Outcome
- genes for the synthesis of total phenols, flavonoids, lignans, and capsaicinoidse0
- Direction
- upregulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“upregulating the genes for the synthesis of total phenols, flavonoids, lignans, and capsaicinoids.”
t0“Pepper”
e1“after foliar spraying with 1, 10, and 50 mg of L−1 Fe-P NMs at different stages (seedling, flowering, and fruit stage), the pepper plant growth was significantly improved.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe-P increased freshness-associated metabolites.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Consequently, these metabolites, which are beneficial for maintaining the freshness of pepper fruits, were increased.”
t0“Pepper”
e1“after foliar spraying with 1, 10, and 50 mg of L−1 Fe-P NMs at different stages (seedling, flowering, and fruit stage), the pepper plant growth was significantly improved.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering-stage Fe-P reduced Enterobacter abundance.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Treatment
- Fe-P NMse0
- Interactor
- Enterobacter
Enterobactere0pathogen - Outcome
- abundance of rot-causing microorganisms (Enterobacter and Chryseobacterium)e0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe-P NMs at the flowering stage downregulated the abundance of rot-causing microorganisms (Enterobacter and Chryseobacterium)”
t0“Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering-stage Fe-P reduced Chryseobacterium abundance.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Treatment
- Fe-P NMse0
- Interactor
- Chryseobacterium
Chryseobacteriume0pathogen - Outcome
- abundance of rot-causing microorganisms (Enterobacter and Chryseobacterium)e0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe-P NMs at the flowering stage downregulated the abundance of rot-causing microorganisms (Enterobacter and Chryseobacterium)”
t0“Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas abundance rose after flowering-stage Fe-P.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Treatment
- Fe-P NMse1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase0other - Outcome
- beneficial microorganismse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulated beneficial microorganisms (Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Sphingobacterium, and Paenibacillus)”
t0“Pepper”
e1“after foliar spraying with 1, 10, and 50 mg of L−1 Fe-P NMs at different stages (seedling, flowering, and fruit stage), the pepper plant growth was significantly improved.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arthrobacter abundance rose after flowering-stage Fe-P.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Treatment
- Fe-P NMse1
- Interactor
- Arthrobacter
Arthrobactere0other - Outcome
- beneficial microorganismse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulated beneficial microorganisms (Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Sphingobacterium, and Paenibacillus)”
t0“Pepper”
e1“after foliar spraying with 1, 10, and 50 mg of L−1 Fe-P NMs at different stages (seedling, flowering, and fruit stage), the pepper plant growth was significantly improved.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sphingobacterium abundance rose after flowering-stage Fe-P.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Treatment
- Fe-P NMse1
- Interactor
- Sphingobacterium
Sphingobacteriume0other - Outcome
- beneficial microorganismse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulated beneficial microorganisms (Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Sphingobacterium, and Paenibacillus)”
t0“Pepper”
e1“after foliar spraying with 1, 10, and 50 mg of L−1 Fe-P NMs at different stages (seedling, flowering, and fruit stage), the pepper plant growth was significantly improved.”
Claim · model-written summary
Paenibacillus abundance rose after flowering-stage Fe-P.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Treatment
- Fe-P NMse1
- Interactor
- Paenibacillus
Paenibacilluse0other - Outcome
- beneficial microorganismse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulated beneficial microorganisms (Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Sphingobacterium, and Paenibacillus)”
t0“Pepper”
e1“after foliar spraying with 1, 10, and 50 mg of L−1 Fe-P NMs at different stages (seedling, flowering, and fruit stage), the pepper plant growth was significantly improved.”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest Fe-P dipping and spraying delayed pepper weight loss.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- dipping and spraying with Fe-P NM suspensionse0
- Outcome
- weight losse0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“during pepper fruit storage, dipping and spraying with Fe-P NM suspensions effectively delayed weight loss”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest Fe-P dipping and spraying enhanced beneficial bacteria growth.
- Taxon
- peppert0
- Treatment
- dipping and spraying with Fe-P NM suspensionse0
- Interactor
- beneficial bacteriae0other
- Outcome
- growth of beneficial bacteriae0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“dipping and spraying with Fe-P NM suspensions effectively delayed weight loss and enhanced the growth of beneficial bacteria.”
t0“Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest Fe-P preservation effects were less pronounced than preharvest foliar application.
Verbatim
e0“Nevertheless, the effect was less pronounced than preharvest foliar application.”
t0“Pepper”