Abstract
Abstract To enhance the shelf life of fresh‐cut bitter bamboo shoots ( Pleioblastus amarus ), this study developed three distinct solutions: selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), polysaccharide‐modified selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs‐sa), and sodium alginate‐polysaccharide‐modified selenium nanoparticles (SA&SeNPs‐sa). The solutions were characterized, and their antioxidant activities were compared to identify the most stable and effective formulation for preserving fresh‐cut bitter bamboo shoots. The results revealed that the synthesized selenium nanoparticles were spherical, with an average diameter of 86.96 nm and a ζ ‐potential of −3.81 mV. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and energy spectrum analysis confirmed their identity as SeNPs. Upon interaction with sodium alginate (SA), the average particle sizes of SeNPs‐sa and SA&SeNPs‐sa increased to 91.07 and 120.43 nm, respectively, with ζ‐potentials of −18.27 mV and −39.43 mV. The shift in the absorption peaks observed in the infrared analysis further indicates that the stability of SA&SeNPs‐sa is greater than that of SeNPs and SeNPs‐sa. Regarding antioxidant activity, SA&SeNPs‐sa exhibited superior 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS + radical scavenging rates of 57.91% and 55.80%, respectively, significantly outperforming SeNPs and SeNPs‐sa. Subsequent experiments evaluated the preservation effects of SA and SA&SeNPs‐sa on fresh‐cut bitter bamboo shoots. Compared to the control and SAtreated groups, SA&SeNPs‐sa effectively delayed yellowing by inhibiting polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities, while maintaining higher catalase activity and total phenolic content. Furthermore, this treatment significantly reduced weight loss and respiratory intensity, slowed the degradation of soluble proteins and total sugars, and inhibited microbial proliferation on the surface. In conclusion, the SA&SeNPs‐sa treatment effectively mitigated quality deterioration and significantly extended the shelf life of fresh‐cut bitter bamboo shoots. Practical Application The deterioration of fruits and vegetables after cutting causes a decrease in economic value. In this study, composite coatings were fabricated by using sodium alginate as a film‐forming matrix and adding selenium nanoparticles to extend the shelf life of fresh‐cut bitter bamboo shoots. These coatings are easy to produce and apply and provide a sustainable solution to reduce waste of fresh‐cut fruits and vegetables.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Synthesized selenium nanoparticles had an average diameter of 86.96 nm.
- Taxon
- Pleioblastus amarus
_Figure_3b.jpg?width=60)
Pleioblastus amarust0 - Material
- selenium nanoparticlese1
- Outcome
- average diametere1
- Value
- 86.96 nme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_3b.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Pleioblastus amarus”
e1“the synthesized selenium nanoparticles were spherical, with an average diameter of 86.96 nm and a ζ ‐potential of −3.81 mV”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthesized selenium nanoparticles had a ζ-potential of −3.81 mV.
- Taxon
- Pleioblastus amarusPleioblastus amarust0
- Material
- selenium nanoparticlese1
- Outcome
- ζ ‐potentiale1
- Value
- −3.81 mVe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pleioblastus amarus”
e1“the synthesized selenium nanoparticles were spherical, with an average diameter of 86.96 nm and a ζ ‐potential of −3.81 mV”
Claim · model-written summary
Average particle size of SeNPs‐sa increased to 91.07 nm after interaction with sodium alginate.
- Taxon
- Pleioblastus amarusPleioblastus amarust0
- Material
- SeNPs‐sae2
- Outcome
- average particle sizese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 91.07e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pleioblastus amarus”
e2“Upon interaction with sodium alginate (SA), the average particle sizes of SeNPs‐sa and SA&SeNPs‐sa increased to 91.07 and 120.43 nm, respectively, with ζ‐potentials of −18.27 mV and −39.43 mV”
Claim · model-written summary
Average particle size of SA&SeNPs‐sa increased to 120.43 nm after interaction with sodium alginate.
- Taxon
- Pleioblastus amarusPleioblastus amarust0
- Material
- SA&SeNPs‐sae2
- Outcome
- average particle sizese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 120.43e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pleioblastus amarus”
e2“Upon interaction with sodium alginate (SA), the average particle sizes of SeNPs‐sa and SA&SeNPs‐sa increased to 91.07 and 120.43 nm, respectively, with ζ‐potentials of −18.27 mV and −39.43 mV”
Claim · model-written summary
SeNPs‐sa had a ζ‐potential of −18.27 mV after interaction with sodium alginate.
- Taxon
- Pleioblastus amarusPleioblastus amarust0
- Material
- SeNPs‐sae2
- Outcome
- ζ‐potentialse2
- Value
- −18.27 mVe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pleioblastus amarus”
e2“Upon interaction with sodium alginate (SA), the average particle sizes of SeNPs‐sa and SA&SeNPs‐sa increased to 91.07 and 120.43 nm, respectively, with ζ‐potentials of −18.27 mV and −39.43 mV”
Claim · model-written summary
SA&SeNPs‐sa had a ζ‐potential of −39.43 mV after interaction with sodium alginate.
- Taxon
- Pleioblastus amarusPleioblastus amarust0
- Material
- SA&SeNPs‐sae2
- Outcome
- ζ‐potentialse2
- Value
- −39.43 mVe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pleioblastus amarus”
e2“Upon interaction with sodium alginate (SA), the average particle sizes of SeNPs‐sa and SA&SeNPs‐sa increased to 91.07 and 120.43 nm, respectively, with ζ‐potentials of −18.27 mV and −39.43 mV”
Claim · model-written summary
SA&SeNPs‐sa was more stable than SeNPs and SeNPs‐sa, according to infrared absorption peak shifts.
- Taxon
- Pleioblastus amarusPleioblastus amarust0
- Material
- SA&SeNPs‐sae3
- Outcome
- stabilitye3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Comparator
- SeNPs and SeNPs‐sae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pleioblastus amarus”
e3“The shift in the absorption peaks observed in the infrared analysis further indicates that the stability of SA&SeNPs‐sa is greater than that of SeNPs and SeNPs‐sa”
Claim · model-written summary
SA&SeNPs‐sa showed a superior DPPH radical scavenging rate of 57.91%, significantly outperforming SeNPs and SeNPs‐sa.
- Taxon
- Pleioblastus amarusPleioblastus amarust0
- Material
- SA&SeNPs‐sae4
- Outcome
- radical scavenging ratese4
- Direction
- superiore4
- Value
- 57.91%e4
- Comparator
- SeNPs and SeNPs‐sae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pleioblastus amarus”
e4“Regarding antioxidant activity, SA&SeNPs‐sa exhibited superior 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS + radical scavenging rates of 57.91% and 55.80%, respectively, significantly outperforming SeNPs and SeNPs‐sa”
Claim · model-written summary
SA&SeNPs‐sa showed a superior ABTS + radical scavenging rate of 55.80%, significantly outperforming SeNPs and SeNPs‐sa.
- Taxon
- Pleioblastus amarusPleioblastus amarust0
- Material
- SA&SeNPs‐sae4
- Outcome
- ABTS + radical scavenging ratese4
- Direction
- superiore4
- Value
- 55.80%e4
- Comparator
- SeNPs and SeNPs‐sae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pleioblastus amarus”
e4“Regarding antioxidant activity, SA&SeNPs‐sa exhibited superior 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS + radical scavenging rates of 57.91% and 55.80%, respectively, significantly outperforming SeNPs and SeNPs‐sa”
Claim · model-written summary
SA&SeNPs‐sa effectively delayed yellowing of fresh-cut bitter bamboo shoots compared with the control and SA-treated groups.
- Taxon
- Pleioblastus amarusPleioblastus amarust0
- Treatment
- SA&SeNPs‐sae5
- Outcome
- yellowinge5
- Direction
- delayede5
- Comparator
- control and SAtreated groupse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pleioblastus amarus”
e5“Compared to the control and SAtreated groups, SA&SeNPs‐sa effectively delayed yellowing by inhibiting polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities, while maintaining higher catalase activity and total phenolic content”
Claim · model-written summary
SA&SeNPs‐sa inhibited polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities in fresh-cut bitter bamboo shoots compared with the control and SA-treated groups.
- Taxon
- Pleioblastus amarusPleioblastus amarust0
- Treatment
- SA&SeNPs‐sae5
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activitiese5
- Direction
- inhibitinge5
- Comparator
- control and SAtreated groupse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pleioblastus amarus”
e5“Compared to the control and SAtreated groups, SA&SeNPs‐sa effectively delayed yellowing by inhibiting polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities, while maintaining higher catalase activity and total phenolic content”
Claim · model-written summary
SA&SeNPs‐sa maintained higher catalase activity and total phenolic content in fresh-cut bitter bamboo shoots compared with the control and SA-treated groups.
- Taxon
- Pleioblastus amarusPleioblastus amarust0
- Treatment
- SA&SeNPs‐sae5
- Outcome
- catalase activity and total phenolic contente5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- control and SAtreated groupse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pleioblastus amarus”
e5“Compared to the control and SAtreated groups, SA&SeNPs‐sa effectively delayed yellowing by inhibiting polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities, while maintaining higher catalase activity and total phenolic content”
Claim · model-written summary
SA&SeNPs‐sa significantly reduced weight loss and respiratory intensity of fresh-cut bitter bamboo shoots.
- Taxon
- Pleioblastus amarusPleioblastus amarust0
- Treatment
- SA&SeNPs‐sae5
- Outcome
- weight loss and respiratory intensitye6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pleioblastus amarus”
e5“Compared to the control and SAtreated groups, SA&SeNPs‐sa effectively delayed yellowing”
e6“Furthermore, this treatment significantly reduced weight loss and respiratory intensity, slowed the degradation of soluble proteins and total sugars, and inhibited microbial proliferation on the surface”
Claim · model-written summary
SA&SeNPs‐sa slowed the degradation of soluble proteins and total sugars in fresh-cut bitter bamboo shoots.
- Taxon
- Pleioblastus amarusPleioblastus amarust0
- Treatment
- SA&SeNPs‐sae5
- Outcome
- degradation of soluble proteins and total sugarse6
- Direction
- slowede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pleioblastus amarus”
e5“Compared to the control and SAtreated groups, SA&SeNPs‐sa effectively delayed yellowing”
e6“slowed the degradation of soluble proteins and total sugars”
Claim · model-written summary
SA&SeNPs‐sa inhibited microbial proliferation on the surface of fresh-cut bitter bamboo shoots.
- Taxon
- Pleioblastus amarusPleioblastus amarust0
- Treatment
- SA&SeNPs‐sae5
- Outcome
- microbial proliferation on the surfacee6
- Direction
- inhibitede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pleioblastus amarus”
e5“Compared to the control and SAtreated groups, SA&SeNPs‐sa effectively delayed yellowing”
e6“inhibited microbial proliferation on the surface”
Claim · model-written summary
SA&SeNPs‐sa treatment significantly extended the shelf life of fresh-cut bitter bamboo shoots.
- Taxon
- Pleioblastus amarusPleioblastus amarust0
- Treatment
- SA&SeNPs‐sae7
- Outcome
- shelf lifee7
- Direction
- extendede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pleioblastus amarus”
e7“In conclusion, the SA&SeNPs‐sa treatment effectively mitigated quality deterioration and significantly extended the shelf life of fresh‐cut bitter bamboo shoots”