Abstract
Summary Two year old apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. 'Golden Delicious') trees on 'M9' were exposed to ambient (350 ± 10 ppm) and doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2 for 120 d in growth chambers situated in an apple orchard. Longterm atmospheric CO 2 enrichment enhanced dry weight in all organs of the trees, particularly in leaves and shoots. Relative distribution of dry mass within the trees increased in leaves and shoots, declined in stems, and remained unchanged in roots under the doubled CO 2 concentration. Dry mass increment and daily gain of dry mass in different components of the trees rose concomitantly with the ambient CO 2 enrichment. The proportion of dry mass allocated to different organs varied with the doubled atmospheric CO 2 concentration. High CO 2 promoted both total leaf area development and total dry mass increment of the trees. When compared with the 350 ppm CO 2 treatment, 700 ppm CO 2 -grown trees increased dry mass-production efficiency of leaves by 51% during the first 60 d of the CO 2 treatment, but this stimulatory effect diminished in the second 60 d of the experiment due to the tree's adaptation to the atmospheric CO 2 enrichment. The physiological mechanisms for the increments in dry mass production of apple trees by doubled atmospheric CO 2 concentration were related to the promoted source activity by increases of total dry mass and daily gain of dry mass in the plants, as well as to the enlarged source size by development of total leaf area of the plants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased dry weight in tree organs, especially leaves and shoots.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- 'Golden Delicious'e1
- Treatment
- doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2e1
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- ambient (350 ± 10 ppm)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Longterm atmospheric CO 2 enrichment enhanced dry weight in all organs of the trees, particularly in leaves and shoots”
e1“Two year old apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. 'Golden Delicious') trees on 'M9' were exposed to ambient (350 ± 10 ppm) and doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2 for 120 d in growth chambers situated in an apple orchard”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased relative dry mass allocation to leaves and shoots.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Golden Delicious'e1
- Organ / stage
- leaves and shootse0
- Treatment
- doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2e1
- Outcome
- Relative distribution of dry masse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- ambient (350 ± 10 ppm)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative distribution of dry mass within the trees increased in leaves and shoots, declined in stems, and remained unchanged in roots under the doubled CO 2 concentration”
e1“Two year old apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. 'Golden Delicious') trees on 'M9' were exposed to ambient (350 ± 10 ppm) and doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2 for 120 d in growth chambers situated in an apple orchard”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased relative dry mass allocation to stems.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Golden Delicious'e1
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Treatment
- doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2e1
- Outcome
- Relative distribution of dry masse0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Comparator
- ambient (350 ± 10 ppm)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative distribution of dry mass within the trees increased in leaves and shoots, declined in stems, and remained unchanged in roots under the doubled CO 2 concentration”
e1“Two year old apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. 'Golden Delicious') trees on 'M9' were exposed to ambient (350 ± 10 ppm) and doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2 for 120 d in growth chambers situated in an apple orchard”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 left relative dry mass allocation to roots unchanged.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Golden Delicious'e1
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2e1
- Outcome
- Relative distribution of dry masse0
- Direction
- remained unchangede0
- Comparator
- ambient (350 ± 10 ppm)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative distribution of dry mass within the trees increased in leaves and shoots, declined in stems, and remained unchanged in roots under the doubled CO 2 concentration”
e1“Two year old apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. 'Golden Delicious') trees on 'M9' were exposed to ambient (350 ± 10 ppm) and doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2 for 120 d in growth chambers situated in an apple orchard”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 raised dry mass increment and daily gain.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Golden Delicious'e1
- Treatment
- doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2e1
- Outcome
- Dry mass increment and daily gain of dry masse0
- Direction
- rosee0
- Comparator
- ambient (350 ± 10 ppm)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry mass increment and daily gain of dry mass in different components of the trees rose concomitantly with the ambient CO 2 enrichment”
e1“Two year old apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. 'Golden Delicious') trees on 'M9' were exposed to ambient (350 ± 10 ppm) and doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2 for 120 d in growth chambers situated in an apple orchard”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 promoted total leaf area development.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Golden Delicious'e1
- Treatment
- doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2e1
- Outcome
- total leaf area developmente0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- ambient (350 ± 10 ppm)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High CO 2 promoted both total leaf area development and total dry mass increment of the trees”
e1“Two year old apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. 'Golden Delicious') trees on 'M9' were exposed to ambient (350 ± 10 ppm) and doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2 for 120 d in growth chambers situated in an apple orchard”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased leaf dry mass-production efficiency by 51% in the first 60 days.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Golden Delicious'e1
- Treatment
- doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2e1
- Outcome
- dry mass-production efficiency of leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 51%e0
- Qualifier
- first 60 de0
- Comparator
- ambient (350 ± 10 ppm)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared with the 350 ppm CO 2 treatment, 700 ppm CO 2 -grown trees increased dry mass-production efficiency of leaves by 51% during the first 60 d of the CO 2 treatment”
e1“Two year old apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. 'Golden Delicious') trees on 'M9' were exposed to ambient (350 ± 10 ppm) and doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2 for 120 d in growth chambers situated in an apple orchard”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The stimulation of leaf dry mass-production efficiency diminished in the second 60 days.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Golden Delicious'e1
- Treatment
- doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2e1
- Outcome
- stimulatory effecte0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Qualifier
- second 60 de0
- Comparator
- ambient (350 ± 10 ppm)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this stimulatory effect diminished in the second 60 d of the experiment due to the tree's adaptation to the atmospheric CO 2 enrichment”
e1“Two year old apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. 'Golden Delicious') trees on 'M9' were exposed to ambient (350 ± 10 ppm) and doubled (700 ± 10 ppm) atmospheric CO 2 for 120 d in growth chambers situated in an apple orchard”
t0“apple trees”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.