Abstract
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a significant warm-season vegetable crop, renowned for its tender and nutritious fruits that are abundant in vitamins, minerals and dietary fibre. It is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions because of its adaptability and economic importance. Despite its potential, it remains difficult to achieve higher productivity and quality due to suboptimal nutrient management practices. A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, School of Agriculture Sanjeev Agrawal Global Educational University, Bhopal during spring-summer season of 2024. The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 14 treatment combinations with three replications. Foliar applications of various micronutrients (B, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) were applied at 30 and 45 days after sowing during the evening hours. The foliar application of various micronutrients was found to enhance the growth, yield, fruit quality and financial viability of okra. The findings revealed that the highest values for plant height (135.39 cm), leaf area (4377.92 cm2), leaf area index (3.86), specific leaf weight (9.85 mg/cm2), total leaf chlorophyll (1.88 mg g- 1), total fruit chlorophyll (0.84 mg g- 1), dry matter (12.16 %), crude protein (10.29%), vitamin C (13.65 mg/100g), fruit length (10.30 cm), fruit diameter (1.42 cm), average fruit weight (9.33 g), fruit weight/plant (232.61g), number of fruits/plant (22.05) and fruit yield (172.84 q/ha) were achieved with the foliar application of treatment T14. However, in term of economics the treatment T14 documented maximum gross return (54, 5310.20) and net return (44, 5143.59) and B: C ratio of (4.44). In conclusion, the study revealed that the foliar application of micronutrients, mostly treatment T14, significantly improved the growth, yield, quality and profitability of okra cultivation. This underscores the significance of balancing micronutrient management for ensuring sustainable and economically viable crop production. The purpose of this study is to determine the most effective nutrient management strategy for optimizing okra cultivation by assessing the impact of different micronutrient treatments on plant growth, yield, quality and financial performance.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
T14 foliar treatment gave the highest okra plant height, 135.39 cm.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentust0 - Treatment
- foliar application of treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 135.39 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The findings revealed that the highest values for plant height (135.39 cm), leaf area (4377.92 cm2), leaf area index (3.86), specific leaf weight (9.85 mg/cm2), total leaf chlorophyll (1.88 mg g- 1), total fruit chlorophyll (0.84 mg g- 1), dry matter (12.16 %), crude protein (10.29%), vitamin C (13.65 mg/100g), fruit length (10.30 cm), fruit diameter (1.42 cm), average fruit weight (9.33 g), fruit weight/plant (232.61g), number of fruits/plant (22.05) and fruit yield (172.84 q/ha) were achieved with the foliar application of treatment T14.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 foliar treatment gave the highest okra leaf area, 4377.92 cm2.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4377.92 cm2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings revealed that the highest values for plant height (135.39 cm), leaf area (4377.92 cm2), leaf area index (3.86), specific leaf weight (9.85 mg/cm2), total leaf chlorophyll (1.88 mg g- 1), total fruit chlorophyll (0.84 mg g- 1), dry matter (12.16 %), crude protein (10.29%), vitamin C (13.65 mg/100g), fruit length (10.30 cm), fruit diameter (1.42 cm), average fruit weight (9.33 g), fruit weight/plant (232.61g), number of fruits/plant (22.05) and fruit yield (172.84 q/ha) were achieved with the foliar application of treatment T14.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 foliar treatment gave the highest okra leaf area index, 3.86.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.86e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings revealed that the highest values for plant height (135.39 cm), leaf area (4377.92 cm2), leaf area index (3.86), specific leaf weight (9.85 mg/cm2), total leaf chlorophyll (1.88 mg g- 1), total fruit chlorophyll (0.84 mg g- 1), dry matter (12.16 %), crude protein (10.29%), vitamin C (13.65 mg/100g), fruit length (10.30 cm), fruit diameter (1.42 cm), average fruit weight (9.33 g), fruit weight/plant (232.61g), number of fruits/plant (22.05) and fruit yield (172.84 q/ha) were achieved with the foliar application of treatment T14.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 foliar treatment gave the highest okra specific leaf weight, 9.85 mg/cm2.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- specific leaf weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9.85 mg/cm2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings revealed that the highest values for plant height (135.39 cm), leaf area (4377.92 cm2), leaf area index (3.86), specific leaf weight (9.85 mg/cm2), total leaf chlorophyll (1.88 mg g- 1), total fruit chlorophyll (0.84 mg g- 1), dry matter (12.16 %), crude protein (10.29%), vitamin C (13.65 mg/100g), fruit length (10.30 cm), fruit diameter (1.42 cm), average fruit weight (9.33 g), fruit weight/plant (232.61g), number of fruits/plant (22.05) and fruit yield (172.84 q/ha) were achieved with the foliar application of treatment T14.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 foliar treatment gave the highest okra total leaf chlorophyll, 1.88 mg g- 1.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- total leaf chlorophylle0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.88 mg g- 1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings revealed that the highest values for plant height (135.39 cm), leaf area (4377.92 cm2), leaf area index (3.86), specific leaf weight (9.85 mg/cm2), total leaf chlorophyll (1.88 mg g- 1), total fruit chlorophyll (0.84 mg g- 1), dry matter (12.16 %), crude protein (10.29%), vitamin C (13.65 mg/100g), fruit length (10.30 cm), fruit diameter (1.42 cm), average fruit weight (9.33 g), fruit weight/plant (232.61g), number of fruits/plant (22.05) and fruit yield (172.84 q/ha) were achieved with the foliar application of treatment T14.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 foliar treatment gave the highest okra total fruit chlorophyll, 0.84 mg g- 1.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- total fruit chlorophylle0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.84 mg g- 1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings revealed that the highest values for plant height (135.39 cm), leaf area (4377.92 cm2), leaf area index (3.86), specific leaf weight (9.85 mg/cm2), total leaf chlorophyll (1.88 mg g- 1), total fruit chlorophyll (0.84 mg g- 1), dry matter (12.16 %), crude protein (10.29%), vitamin C (13.65 mg/100g), fruit length (10.30 cm), fruit diameter (1.42 cm), average fruit weight (9.33 g), fruit weight/plant (232.61g), number of fruits/plant (22.05) and fruit yield (172.84 q/ha) were achieved with the foliar application of treatment T14.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 foliar treatment gave the highest okra dry matter, 12.16 %.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 12.16 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings revealed that the highest values for plant height (135.39 cm), leaf area (4377.92 cm2), leaf area index (3.86), specific leaf weight (9.85 mg/cm2), total leaf chlorophyll (1.88 mg g- 1), total fruit chlorophyll (0.84 mg g- 1), dry matter (12.16 %), crude protein (10.29%), vitamin C (13.65 mg/100g), fruit length (10.30 cm), fruit diameter (1.42 cm), average fruit weight (9.33 g), fruit weight/plant (232.61g), number of fruits/plant (22.05) and fruit yield (172.84 q/ha) were achieved with the foliar application of treatment T14.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 foliar treatment gave the highest okra crude protein, 10.29%.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- crude proteine0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 10.29%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings revealed that the highest values for plant height (135.39 cm), leaf area (4377.92 cm2), leaf area index (3.86), specific leaf weight (9.85 mg/cm2), total leaf chlorophyll (1.88 mg g- 1), total fruit chlorophyll (0.84 mg g- 1), dry matter (12.16 %), crude protein (10.29%), vitamin C (13.65 mg/100g), fruit length (10.30 cm), fruit diameter (1.42 cm), average fruit weight (9.33 g), fruit weight/plant (232.61g), number of fruits/plant (22.05) and fruit yield (172.84 q/ha) were achieved with the foliar application of treatment T14.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 foliar treatment gave the highest okra vitamin C, 13.65 mg/100g.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 13.65 mg/100ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings revealed that the highest values for plant height (135.39 cm), leaf area (4377.92 cm2), leaf area index (3.86), specific leaf weight (9.85 mg/cm2), total leaf chlorophyll (1.88 mg g- 1), total fruit chlorophyll (0.84 mg g- 1), dry matter (12.16 %), crude protein (10.29%), vitamin C (13.65 mg/100g), fruit length (10.30 cm), fruit diameter (1.42 cm), average fruit weight (9.33 g), fruit weight/plant (232.61g), number of fruits/plant (22.05) and fruit yield (172.84 q/ha) were achieved with the foliar application of treatment T14.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 foliar treatment gave the highest okra fruit length, 10.30 cm.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- fruit lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 10.30 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings revealed that the highest values for plant height (135.39 cm), leaf area (4377.92 cm2), leaf area index (3.86), specific leaf weight (9.85 mg/cm2), total leaf chlorophyll (1.88 mg g- 1), total fruit chlorophyll (0.84 mg g- 1), dry matter (12.16 %), crude protein (10.29%), vitamin C (13.65 mg/100g), fruit length (10.30 cm), fruit diameter (1.42 cm), average fruit weight (9.33 g), fruit weight/plant (232.61g), number of fruits/plant (22.05) and fruit yield (172.84 q/ha) were achieved with the foliar application of treatment T14.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 foliar treatment gave the highest okra fruit diameter, 1.42 cm.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- fruit diametere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.42 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings revealed that the highest values for plant height (135.39 cm), leaf area (4377.92 cm2), leaf area index (3.86), specific leaf weight (9.85 mg/cm2), total leaf chlorophyll (1.88 mg g- 1), total fruit chlorophyll (0.84 mg g- 1), dry matter (12.16 %), crude protein (10.29%), vitamin C (13.65 mg/100g), fruit length (10.30 cm), fruit diameter (1.42 cm), average fruit weight (9.33 g), fruit weight/plant (232.61g), number of fruits/plant (22.05) and fruit yield (172.84 q/ha) were achieved with the foliar application of treatment T14.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 foliar treatment gave the highest okra average fruit weight, 9.33 g.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- average fruit weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9.33 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings revealed that the highest values for plant height (135.39 cm), leaf area (4377.92 cm2), leaf area index (3.86), specific leaf weight (9.85 mg/cm2), total leaf chlorophyll (1.88 mg g- 1), total fruit chlorophyll (0.84 mg g- 1), dry matter (12.16 %), crude protein (10.29%), vitamin C (13.65 mg/100g), fruit length (10.30 cm), fruit diameter (1.42 cm), average fruit weight (9.33 g), fruit weight/plant (232.61g), number of fruits/plant (22.05) and fruit yield (172.84 q/ha) were achieved with the foliar application of treatment T14.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 foliar treatment gave the highest okra fruit weight/plant, 232.61g.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- fruit weight/plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 232.61ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings revealed that the highest values for plant height (135.39 cm), leaf area (4377.92 cm2), leaf area index (3.86), specific leaf weight (9.85 mg/cm2), total leaf chlorophyll (1.88 mg g- 1), total fruit chlorophyll (0.84 mg g- 1), dry matter (12.16 %), crude protein (10.29%), vitamin C (13.65 mg/100g), fruit length (10.30 cm), fruit diameter (1.42 cm), average fruit weight (9.33 g), fruit weight/plant (232.61g), number of fruits/plant (22.05) and fruit yield (172.84 q/ha) were achieved with the foliar application of treatment T14.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 foliar treatment gave the highest okra number of fruits/plant, 22.05.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- number of fruits/plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 22.05e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings revealed that the highest values for plant height (135.39 cm), leaf area (4377.92 cm2), leaf area index (3.86), specific leaf weight (9.85 mg/cm2), total leaf chlorophyll (1.88 mg g- 1), total fruit chlorophyll (0.84 mg g- 1), dry matter (12.16 %), crude protein (10.29%), vitamin C (13.65 mg/100g), fruit length (10.30 cm), fruit diameter (1.42 cm), average fruit weight (9.33 g), fruit weight/plant (232.61g), number of fruits/plant (22.05) and fruit yield (172.84 q/ha) were achieved with the foliar application of treatment T14.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 foliar treatment gave the highest okra fruit yield, 172.84 q/ha.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 172.84 q/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings revealed that the highest values for plant height (135.39 cm), leaf area (4377.92 cm2), leaf area index (3.86), specific leaf weight (9.85 mg/cm2), total leaf chlorophyll (1.88 mg g- 1), total fruit chlorophyll (0.84 mg g- 1), dry matter (12.16 %), crude protein (10.29%), vitamin C (13.65 mg/100g), fruit length (10.30 cm), fruit diameter (1.42 cm), average fruit weight (9.33 g), fruit weight/plant (232.61g), number of fruits/plant (22.05) and fruit yield (172.84 q/ha) were achieved with the foliar application of treatment T14.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 recorded maximum okra gross return of 54, 5310.20.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- gross returne0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 54, 5310.20e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, in term of economics the treatment T14 documented maximum gross return (54, 5310.20) and net return (44, 5143.59) and B: C ratio of (4.44).”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 recorded maximum okra net return of 44, 5143.59.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 44, 5143.59e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, in term of economics the treatment T14 documented maximum gross return (54, 5310.20) and net return (44, 5143.59) and B: C ratio of (4.44).”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 recorded maximum okra B: C ratio of 4.44.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- treatment T14e0
- Outcome
- B: C ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.44e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, in term of economics the treatment T14 documented maximum gross return (54, 5310.20) and net return (44, 5143.59) and B: C ratio of (4.44).”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
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