Abstract
Salinity is highly toxic to wheat growth.Both -carotene and gibberellic acid can mitigate the saline toxicity in wheat, independently and in combined form, by positively impacting growth and yield under saline conditions.To explore our hypothesis two wheat varieties (Faisalabad-2008 and Galaxy-2013) were grown in the sand medium under two levels of salinity (0 mM and 150 mM) nourished with Hoagland's solution and sprayed with four different foliar approaches (water spray = T 0 , 0.75 mM GA 3 = T 1 , 0.25 mM -carotene = T 2 , 0.75 mM GA 3 + 0.25 mM -carotene = T 3 ).Salinity comprehensively decreased the growth metrics of wheat.While foliar applications of 0.75 mM GA 3 0.25 mM -carotene significantly mitigate this toxicity by physiological alterations.Shoot fresh weight (p < 0.001) (maximum at T 3 , root fresh weight (p < 0.05) maximum at T 2 , Shoot dry weight (p < 0.01) maximum at T 3 reflect significant mitigation under salinity while root dry weight, shoot length, and root length non-significant response.Leaf calcium (p < 0.01) and root sodium (p < 0.001) readings showed much positive response at T 3 .Flavonoids (p < 0.05) maximum at T 3 , free proline (p < 0.01) maximum at T 3 , ascorbic acid (p < 0.05) maximum at T 3, and seeds weight (p < 0.001) Maximum at T 1 .Overall Faisalabad-2008 performed better in saline conditions when treated with foliar application of GA 3 and -carotene (water spray = T 0 , 0.75 mM GA 3 = T 1 , 0.25 mM -carotene = T 2 , 0.75 mM GA 3 + 0.25 mM -carotene = T 3 ).This study is recommended for the growth of wheat cultivars by foliar applications of GA 3 and -carotene under salt stress.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased wheat growth metrics.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- growth metricse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity comprehensively decreased the growth metrics of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Root dry weight, shoot length and root length did not respond significantly.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- root dry weight, shoot length, and root lengthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root dry weight, shoot length, and root length non-significant response”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Faisalabad-2008 performed better under salinity with combined foliar treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Faisalabad-2008e0
- Treatment
- foliar application of GA 3 and -carotenee0
- Outcome
- performed bettere0
- Setting
- saline conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faisalabad-2008 performed better in saline conditions when treated with foliar application of GA 3 and -carotene”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend foliar GA3 and carotene for wheat growth under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- growth of wheat cultivars by foliar applications of GA 3 and -carotene under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“recommended for the growth of wheat cultivars by foliar applications of GA 3 and -carotene under salt stress”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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