Abstract
Soil cadmium pollution is becoming an increasingly acute environmental problem for both plants and humans. Although several nanoparticles seemingly play a significant role in tolerance to cadmium toxicity, the role of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NP) in cadmium tolerance remains unclear. In this study, we showed that pre-treatment with NiO-NPs enhanced tomato tolerance to cadmium stress and reduced its toxic effects. Our findings showed that NiO-NP treatment promoted tomato seedling growth by enhancing root and shoot nutrient accumulation and increasing chlorophyll content. Concomitantly, NiO-NP treatment significantly reduced root and shoot cadmium contents, leading to a significant reduction in cadmium phytotoxicity. Furthermore, NiO-NP treatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species contents in roots and leaves of seedlings growing under cadmium stress. Mechanistic investigations revealed that NiO-NP treatment regulated the expression of stress-responsive genes, including transcription factors SlERF4 and SlWRI1. Consistently, overexpression of SlERF4 and SlWRI1 in yeast cells resulted in cadmium stress tolerance. Notably, cadmium content in overexpressing cells was reduced by 39.10 % and 81.21 % for SlERF4 and SlWRI1, respectively, compared to the wild-type. These results suggest that NiO-NPs enhanced cadmium stress tolerance by activating SlERF4 and SlWRI1 , thereby promoting tomato seedling growth. Our study opens a new avenue for gene identification and genetic modification to develop cadmium-tolerant crops, thereby ensuring vegetable production and food security. Additionally, it has significant implications for the development of novel strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of cadmium pollution on agricultural productivity. • Cadmium (Cd) toxicity inhibits the growth of tomato seedlings. • The pre-application of NiO-NP effectively regulates the plant defense system under Cd stress. • NiO-NP modulate the hormonal signaling pathways in plants, enhancing tolerance to cadmium stress. • The transcription factors SlERF4 and SlWRI1 promote cadmium stress tolerance in yeast.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
NiO NP pretreatment enhanced tomato cadmium tolerance.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- pre-treatment with NiO-NPse0
- Outcome
- tolerance to cadmium stresse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pre-treatment with NiO-NPs enhanced tomato tolerance to cadmium stress and reduced its toxic effects”
Claim · model-written summary
NiO NP pretreatment reduced cadmium toxicity in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- pre-treatment with NiO-NPse0
- Outcome
- toxic effectse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pre-treatment with NiO-NPs enhanced tomato tolerance to cadmium stress and reduced its toxic effects”
Claim · model-written summary
NiO NP treatment promoted tomato seedling growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- NiO-NP treatmente0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NiO-NP treatment promoted tomato seedling growth by enhancing root and shoot nutrient accumulation and increasing chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
NiO NP treatment enhanced root and shoot nutrient accumulation in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- NiO-NP treatmente0
- Outcome
- root and shoot nutrient accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NiO-NP treatment promoted tomato seedling growth by enhancing root and shoot nutrient accumulation and increasing chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
NiO NP treatment increased tomato chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- NiO-NP treatmente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NiO-NP treatment promoted tomato seedling growth by enhancing root and shoot nutrient accumulation and increasing chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
NiO NP treatment significantly reduced root and shoot cadmium content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NiO-NP treatmente0
- Outcome
- root and shoot cadmium contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NiO-NP treatment significantly reduced root and shoot cadmium contents”
t0“cadmium (Cd) stress in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NiO NP treatment increased antioxidant enzyme activities under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NiO-NP treatmente0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NiO-NP treatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species contents in roots and leaves of seedlings growing under cadmium stress”
t0“cadmium (Cd) stress in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NiO NP treatment reduced malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species in cadmium stressed roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- NiO-NP treatmente0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NiO-NP treatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species contents in roots and leaves of seedlings growing under cadmium stress”
t0“cadmium (Cd) stress in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NiO NP treatment regulated expression of SlERF4 and SlWRI1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NiO-NP treatmente0
- Gene
- SlERF4 and SlWRI1e0
- Outcome
- expression of stress-responsive genese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NiO-NP treatment regulated the expression of stress-responsive genes, including transcription factors SlERF4 and SlWRI1”
t0“cadmium (Cd) stress in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpressing SlERF4 gave yeast cells cadmium stress tolerance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- overexpression of SlERF4e0
- Gene
- SlERF4e0
- Outcome
- yeast cells resulted in cadmium stress tolerancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overexpression of SlERF4 and SlWRI1 in yeast cells resulted in cadmium stress tolerance”
t0“cadmium (Cd) stress in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpressing SlWRI1 gave yeast cells cadmium stress tolerance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SlWRI1e0
- Gene
- SlWRI1e0
- Outcome
- yeast cells resulted in cadmium stress tolerancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overexpression of SlERF4 and SlWRI1 in yeast cells resulted in cadmium stress tolerance”
t0“cadmium (Cd) stress in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SlERF4 overexpression reduced yeast cell cadmium content by 39.10% versus wild type.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SlERF4e0
- Gene
- SlERF4e0
- Outcome
- cadmium content in overexpressing cellse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 39.10 %e0
- Comparator
- wild-typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cadmium content in overexpressing cells was reduced by 39.10 % and 81.21 % for SlERF4 and SlWRI1, respectively, compared to the wild-type”
t0“cadmium (Cd) stress in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SlWRI1 overexpression reduced yeast cell cadmium content by 81.21% versus wild type.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SlWRI1e0
- Gene
- SlWRI1e0
- Outcome
- cadmium content in overexpressing cellse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 81.21 %e0
- Comparator
- wild-typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cadmium content in overexpressing cells was reduced by 39.10 % and 81.21 % for SlERF4 and SlWRI1, respectively, compared to the wild-type”
t0“cadmium (Cd) stress in tomato”
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8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.