Abstract
O) toxicity on the growth, chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis, and mineral content in tomato. Ni treatment significantly reduced the plant height, dry mass, and the contents of glutamate 1-semialdehyde, δ-amino levulinic acid, prototoporphyrin IX, Mg-prototoporphyrin IX, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids; however, the application of NO and Spd alleviated the decline considerably. Supplementation of NO and Spd mitigated the Ni-induced decline in photosynthesis, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Ni caused oxidative damage, while the application of NO, Spd, and NO+Spd significantly reduced the oxidative stress parameters under normal and Ni toxicity. The application of NO and Spd enhanced the function of the antioxidant system and upregulated the activity of glyoxalase enzymes, reflecting significant reduction of the oxidative effects and methylglyoxal accumulation. Tolerance against Ni was further strengthened by the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine due to NO and Spd application. The decrease in the uptake of essential mineral elements such as N, P, K, and Mg was alleviated by NO and Spd. Hence, individual and combined supplementation of NO and Spd effectively alleviates the damaging effects of Ni on tomato.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel reduced tomato height and dry mass.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Ni treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant height, dry masse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ni treatment significantly reduced the plant height, dry mass”
t0“Supplementation of nitric oxide and spermidine alleviates the nickel stress-induced damage to growth, chlorophyll metabolism, and photosynthesis by upregulating ascorbate–glutathione and glyoxalase cycle functioning in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel reduced chlorophyll precursors and pigments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nickel stresst0
- Outcome
- contents of glutamate 1-semialdehyde, δ-amino levulinic acid, prototoporphyrin IX, Mg-prototoporphyrin IX, total chlorophyll, and carotenoidse0
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of glutamate 1-semialdehyde, δ-amino levulinic acid, prototoporphyrin IX, Mg-prototoporphyrin IX, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids”
t0“Supplementation of nitric oxide and spermidine alleviates the nickel stress-induced damage to growth, chlorophyll metabolism, and photosynthesis by upregulating ascorbate–glutathione and glyoxalase cycle functioning in tomato”
e1“Ni treatment significantly reduced the plant height, dry mass, and the contents”
Claim · model-written summary
NO and Spd alleviated the nickel-associated declines.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NO and Spde0
- Outcome
- declinee0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of NO and Spd alleviated the decline considerably.”
t0“Supplementation of nitric oxide and spermidine alleviates the nickel stress-induced damage to growth, chlorophyll metabolism, and photosynthesis by upregulating ascorbate–glutathione and glyoxalase cycle functioning in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NO and Spd mitigated nickel-related declines in photosynthesis, gas exchange and fluorescence.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Supplementation of NO and Spde0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameterse0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplementation of NO and Spd mitigated the Ni-induced decline in photosynthesis, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.”
t0“Supplementation of nitric oxide and spermidine alleviates the nickel stress-induced damage to growth, chlorophyll metabolism, and photosynthesis by upregulating ascorbate–glutathione and glyoxalase cycle functioning in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel caused oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Nie0
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ni caused oxidative damage”
t0“Supplementation of nitric oxide and spermidine alleviates the nickel stress-induced damage to growth, chlorophyll metabolism, and photosynthesis by upregulating ascorbate–glutathione and glyoxalase cycle functioning in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NO, Spd and their combination reduced oxidative stress parameters.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NO, Spd, and NO+Spde0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress parameterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- under normal and Ni toxicitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of NO, Spd, and NO+Spd significantly reduced the oxidative stress parameters under normal and Ni toxicity.”
t0“Supplementation of nitric oxide and spermidine alleviates the nickel stress-induced damage to growth, chlorophyll metabolism, and photosynthesis by upregulating ascorbate–glutathione and glyoxalase cycle functioning in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NO and Spd enhanced antioxidant system function and glyoxalase enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NO and Spde0
- Gene
- glyoxalase enzymese0
- Outcome
- function of the antioxidant system and upregulated the activity of glyoxalase enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of NO and Spd enhanced the function of the antioxidant system and upregulated the activity of glyoxalase enzymes”
t0“Supplementation of nitric oxide and spermidine alleviates the nickel stress-induced damage to growth, chlorophyll metabolism, and photosynthesis by upregulating ascorbate–glutathione and glyoxalase cycle functioning in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NO and Spd reduced oxidative effects and methylglyoxal accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NO and Spde1
- Outcome
- oxidative effects and methylglyoxal accumulatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant reduction of the oxidative effects and methylglyoxal accumulation.”
t0“Supplementation of nitric oxide and spermidine alleviates the nickel stress-induced damage to growth, chlorophyll metabolism, and photosynthesis by upregulating ascorbate–glutathione and glyoxalase cycle functioning in tomato”
e1“the application of NO and Spd alleviated the decline considerably.”
Claim · model-written summary
NO and Spd raised proline and glycine betaine accumulation, strengthening nickel tolerance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NO and Spd applicatione0
- Compound
- proline and glycine betainee0
- Outcome
- Tolerance against Nie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tolerance against Ni was further strengthened by the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine due to NO and Spd application.”
t0“Supplementation of nitric oxide and spermidine alleviates the nickel stress-induced damage to growth, chlorophyll metabolism, and photosynthesis by upregulating ascorbate–glutathione and glyoxalase cycle functioning in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NO and Spd alleviated decreased uptake of N, P, K and Mg.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NO and Spde0
- Outcome
- uptake of essential mineral elements such as N, P, K, and Mge0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decrease in the uptake of essential mineral elements such as N, P, K, and Mg was alleviated by NO and Spd.”
t0“Supplementation of nitric oxide and spermidine alleviates the nickel stress-induced damage to growth, chlorophyll metabolism, and photosynthesis by upregulating ascorbate–glutathione and glyoxalase cycle functioning in tomato”
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See all 25 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.