Abstract
We investigated the effects of exogenous application of jasmonic acid (JA) and nitric oxide (NO) on growth, antioxidant metabolism, physio-biochemical attributes and metabolite accumulation, in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants exposed to salt stress. Treating the plants with NaCl (200 mM) resulted in considerable growth inhibition in terms of biomass, relative water content, and chlorophyll content, all of which were significantly improved upon application of JA and NO under both normal and NaCl-stress treatments. Salt treatment particularly 200 mM NaCl caused an apparent increase in electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide production, which were reduced by exogenous application of JA and NO. Salt treatment triggered the induction of antioxidant system by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR). Application of JA and NO separately as well as in combination caused a significant improvement in activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR activities. JA and NO either applied individually or in combination boosted the flavonoid, proline and glycine betaine synthesis under NaCl treatments. In conclusion, the exogenous application of JA and NO protected tomato plants from NaCl-induced damage by up-regulating the antioxidant metabolism, osmolyte synthesis, and metabolite accumulation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl inhibited tomato biomass, relative water content, and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- NaCl (200 mM)e0
- Outcome
- biomass, relative water content, and chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treating the plants with NaCl (200 mM) resulted in considerable growth inhibition in terms of biomass, relative water content, and chlorophyll content”
t0“in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
JA and NO improved biomass, relative water content, and chlorophyll content under normal and salt stress conditions.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- JA and NOe0
- Outcome
- all of whiche0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under both normal and NaCl-stress treatmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all of which were significantly improved upon application of JA and NO under both normal and NaCl-stress treatments”
t0“in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
JA and NO reduced salt induced electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of JA and NOe0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt treatment particularly 200 mM NaCl caused an apparent increase in electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide production, which were reduced by exogenous application of JA and NO”
t0“in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Salt treatmente0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt treatment triggered the induction of antioxidant system by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)”
t0“in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment enhanced catalase (CAT) activity in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Salt treatmente0
- Gene
- catalase (CAT)e0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt treatment triggered the induction of antioxidant system by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)”
t0“in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment enhanced ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Salt treatmente0
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt treatment triggered the induction of antioxidant system by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)”
t0“in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment enhanced glutathione reductase (GR) activity in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Salt treatmente0
- Gene
- glutathione reductase (GR)e0
- Outcome
- glutathione reductase (GR)e0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt treatment triggered the induction of antioxidant system by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)”
t0“in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
JA and NO improved SOD activity separately and in combination.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- JA and NO separately as well as in combinatione0
- Gene
- SODe0
- Outcome
- SODe0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of JA and NO separately as well as in combination caused a significant improvement in activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR activities”
t0“in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
JA and NO improved CAT activity separately and in combination.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- JA and NO separately as well as in combinatione0
- Gene
- CATe0
- Outcome
- CATe0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of JA and NO separately as well as in combination caused a significant improvement in activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR activities”
t0“in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
JA and NO improved APX activity separately and in combination.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- JA and NO separately as well as in combinatione0
- Gene
- APXe0
- Outcome
- APXe0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of JA and NO separately as well as in combination caused a significant improvement in activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR activities”
t0“in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
JA and NO improved GR activity separately and in combination.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- JA and NO separately as well as in combinatione0
- Gene
- GRe0
- Outcome
- GRe0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of JA and NO separately as well as in combination caused a significant improvement in activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR activities”
t0“in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
JA and NO boosted flavonoid, proline and glycine betaine synthesis under salt treatment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- JA and NO either applied individually or in combinatione0
- Outcome
- flavonoid, proline and glycine betaine synthesise0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Qualifier
- under NaCl treatmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JA and NO either applied individually or in combination boosted the flavonoid, proline and glycine betaine synthesis under NaCl treatments”
t0“in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants”
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See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.