Abstract
Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a key staple crop in Pakistan, contributing significantly to national food security. However, micronutrient deficiencies, particularly boron (B), are limiting wheat productivity, especially in calcareous soils prevalent across much of the country. Boron plays a critical role in spikelet fertility and grain setting, and its deficiency can lead to poor grain development and lower yield. Appropriate boron management is essential to improve crop performance and maximize returns in deficient soils. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of varying soil-applied boron levels on the growth and yield parameters of wheat under field conditions in Tandojam, Sindh, and identify the most agronomically and economically optimal boron application rate. Methods: A field trial was conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, during the Rabi season of 2023–2024. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) comprising six treatments: 0.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 kg B ha⁻¹, each replicated three times. The wheat variety TD-1 was sown using a seed rate of 100 kg ha⁻¹. All treatments, except the control, received uniform doses of NPK (130:80:50 kg ha⁻¹). Growth and yield parameters were recorded from five tagged plants per plot, and statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with LSD at 0.05 significance level. Results: Application of boron significantly improved all growth and yield attributes. The highest grain yield was recorded at 4.0 kg ha⁻¹ (6700 kg ha⁻¹), followed closely by 3.5 kg ha⁻¹ (6625 kg ha⁻¹), while the control produced the lowest yield (5565 kg ha⁻¹). The treatment with 3.5 kg ha⁻¹ also showed higher net economic returns compared to 4.0 kg ha⁻¹, making it the most efficient dose. Conclusion: Boron application significantly enhanced wheat yield in boron-deficient soils, with 3.5 kg ha⁻¹ identified as the most effective and economically viable rate for sustainable production.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Boron application significantly improved all wheat growth and yield attributes.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Application of borone1
- Outcome
- growth and yield attributese1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a key staple crop in Pakistan”
e1“Application of boron significantly improved all growth and yield attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest wheat grain yield was recorded at 4.0 kg ha⁻¹ boron.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 4.0 kg ha⁻¹e2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 6700 kg ha⁻¹e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a key staple crop in Pakistan”
e2“The highest grain yield was recorded at 4.0 kg ha⁻¹ (6700 kg ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain yield at 3.5 kg ha⁻¹ boron was lower than at 4.0 kg ha⁻¹, at 6625 kg ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 3.5 kg ha⁻¹e3
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede3
- Value
- 6625 kg ha⁻¹e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a key staple crop in Pakistan”
e2“The highest grain yield was recorded at 4.0 kg ha⁻¹ (6700 kg ha⁻¹)”
e3“followed closely by 3.5 kg ha⁻¹ (6625 kg ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain yield in the control without boron was the lowest, at 5565 kg ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Value
- 5565 kg ha⁻¹e6
- Qualifier
- the controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a key staple crop in Pakistan”
e2“The highest grain yield was recorded at 4.0 kg ha⁻¹ (6700 kg ha⁻¹)”
e6“while the control produced the lowest yield (5565 kg ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 3.5 kg ha⁻¹ boron treatment gave higher net economic returns than 4.0 kg ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 3.5 kg ha⁻¹e4
- Outcome
- net economic returnse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- 4.0 kg ha⁻¹e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a key staple crop in Pakistan”
e4“The treatment with 3.5 kg ha⁻¹ also showed higher net economic returns compared to 4.0 kg ha⁻¹, making it the most efficient dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron at 3.5 kg ha⁻¹ is recommended as the most effective and economically viable rate for wheat production.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 3.5 kg ha⁻¹e5
- Outcome
- most effective and economically viable ratee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a key staple crop in Pakistan”
e5“with 3.5 kg ha⁻¹ identified as the most effective and economically viable rate for sustainable production”
The same questions in other papers
boron atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
61 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
72 papers more in this group
See all 76 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.