Abstract
Salt stress is a major constraint to crop productivity, negatively affecting plant physiology and fruit quality. This study hypothesized that seed priming with polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) might enhance antioxidant activity by mitigating oxidative stress in Solanum lycopersicum ‘Micro-Tom’ under salt stress. Seeds primed with –1.2 MPa PEG6000 were grown in Rockwool and treated with 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl. Primed plants showed a 32% increase in leaf potassium (K+) and a 28% decrease in sodium (Na+) accumulation compared to non-primed plants under 150 mM NaCl. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents increased by 25%, 22%, and 19%, respectively, in primed fruits, while citric acid decreased by 15%. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage were reduced by 35% and 29%, respectively, in primed plants under moderate salinity. Antioxidant enzyme activities—SOD, POD, CAT, and APX were enhanced by 30–45% in primed plants under 100 and 150 mM NaCl, compared to non-primed controls. Abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased by 40% in primed roots under salt stress. Activities of polyamine-related enzymes (DAO, PAO, and ADC) also rose significantly. Priming improved protein content by 20% and relative water content by 18%. These results suggest that PEG6000 seed priming enhances salt tolerance by boosting antioxidant defense, regulating osmotic balance, and improving ion homeostasis, offering a viable strategy for sustaining tomato productivity under salinity.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Priming increased leaf potassium by 32% under 150 mM salt.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Primede0
- Outcome
- leaf potassium (K+)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Qualifier
- 150 mM NaCle0
- Comparator
- non-primed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Primed plants showed a 32% increase in leaf potassium (K+) and a 28% decrease in sodium (Na+) accumulation compared to non-primed plants under 150 mM NaCl”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming decreased sodium accumulation by 28%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Primede0
- Outcome
- sodium (Na+) accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Comparator
- non-primed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Primed plants showed a 32% increase in leaf potassium (K+) and a 28% decrease in sodium (Na+) accumulation compared to non-primed plants under 150 mM NaCl”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit glucose increased by 25% after priming.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents increased by 25%, 22%, and 19%, respectively, in primed fruits”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit fructose increased by 22% after priming.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents increased by 25%, 22%, and 19%, respectively, in primed fruits”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit sucrose increased by 19% after priming.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- primede0
- Outcome
- sucrose contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents increased by 25%, 22%, and 19%, respectively, in primed fruits”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit citric acid decreased by 15%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PEG6000 Seed Primingt0
- Outcome
- citric acide0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 15%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while citric acid decreased by 15%”
t0“Tomato Plants Through PEG6000 Seed Priming”
Claim · model-written summary
Malondialdehyde fell by 35% under moderate salinity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- primede0
- Outcome
- Malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 35%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage were reduced by 35% and 29%, respectively, in primed plants under moderate salinity”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Electrolyte leakage fell by 29% under moderate salinity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- primede0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 29%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage were reduced by 35% and 29%, respectively, in primed plants under moderate salinity”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activities rose by 30–45% under 100 and 150 mM salt.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- primede0
- Outcome
- Antioxidant enzyme activities—SOD, POD, CAT, and APXe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 30–45%e0
- Comparator
- non-primed controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antioxidant enzyme activities—SOD, POD, CAT, and APX were enhanced by 30–45% in primed plants under 100 and 150 mM NaCl, compared to non-primed controls”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Root ABA rose by 40% under salt stress.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- primede0
- Outcome
- Abscisic acid (ABA) levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased by 40% in primed roots under salt stress”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyamine-related enzyme activities rose significantly.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PEG6000 Seed Primingt0
- Outcome
- Activities of polyamine-related enzymes (DAO, PAO, and ADC)e0
- Direction
- rosee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activities of polyamine-related enzymes (DAO, PAO, and ADC) also rose significantly”
t0“Tomato Plants Through PEG6000 Seed Priming”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming improved protein content by 20%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Priminge0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Priming improved protein content by 20% and relative water content by 18%”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming improved relative water content by 18%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Priminge0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Priming improved protein content by 20% and relative water content by 18%”
t0“Tomato Plants”
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8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.