Abstract
This study aims to investigate the extent to which soil amendment with biochar can promote growth and induce biotic stress tolerance in Arachis hypogaea accessions (TAH-183, TAH-142, TAH-164, TAH-124 and TAH-134) inoculated with stem rot fungus (Athelia rolfsii). The experiment was set up in a complete block design. 5 seeds of A. hypogaea accessions were planted in 10 kg of sterilized soil in triplicates (control(C), A. rolfsii alone (T) and A. rolfsii+Biochar (A+T). Characterized pathogen A. rolfsii causing vine rot and wilt disease was obtained from Botany pathology laboratory and spawned with 300 g of millet seeds. 5 g of A. rolfsii colonized seeds were used to infect A. hypogaea accessions seedlings. Growth parameters and disease severity index (DSI) were taken using standard methods, while the total photosynthetic pigments (TPP) were determined using the atLeaf chlorophyll meter. All A. hypogaea accessions showed 100% germination across all treatments after 11 days except TAH-183 (80%) and TAH-134 (60%). TAH-142 and TAH-183 accessions inoculated with A. rolfsii were the most susceptible with disease severity index of 50% and 33.30% respectively. However, biochar application treatments recorded 0% DSI for all accessions. At 6 weeks after planting (WAP), it was observed that inoculation of A. hypogaea accessions with A. rolfsii significantly (p<0.001) reduced the growth parameters such as shoot length for TAH-142 and TAH-124 which recorded the lowest values; T=3.40±181 cm, C=15.50±1.45 cm, A+T=20.00±1.70 cm; and T=8.33±2.33 cm, C=15.20±1.20 cm, A+B=21.12±1.90 cm while TAH-183 and TAH-164 had the highest shoot growth (T=19.33±1.36 cm, C=20.00±1.54 cm, A+T=24.77±1.67 cm; T=16.83±1.76 cm, 17.00±1.13 cm, A+T=28.30±2.00 cm) when compared to their controls and biochar treatments. TAH-142 (T=30.00 mg/kg, C=37.90 mg/kg, A+B=40.00 mg/kg) recorded the least TPP contents, while TGM-183 (T=36.00 mg/kg, C=40.10 mg/kg, A+T=44.50 mg/kg) recorded the highest TPP. For postharvest parameters; TAH-142 (5.77±0.09 g) had the lowest fresh biomass yield while TAH-164 (58.70±1.56 g) had a better tolerance to A. rolfsii infection. However, TAH-183 showed greater fresh biomass yield when biochar was applied (89.67±4.53 g) while TAH-142 recorded the lowest (78.90±2.21 g). Amelioration of soil with biochar significantly (p=0.001) stimulated growth above the treatment and control. Similar trend was observed for leaf area, petiole length, leaf number, stem girth and internode length. This study has shown that A. rolfsii infection had a negative effect on the growth and biomass yield of A. hypogaea and soil amended with biochar conferred disease tolerance in all A. hypogaea accessions thus eliminating the need for the use of fungicides and additional fertilizer application.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
TAH-183 germinated at 80%.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Material
- TAH-183e1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Value
- 80%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“All A. hypogaea accessions showed 100% germination across all treatments after 11 days except TAH-183 (80%) and TAH-134 (60%)”
Claim · model-written summary
TAH-134 germinated at 60%.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- TAH-134e1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Value
- 60%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“All A. hypogaea accessions showed 100% germination across all treatments after 11 days except TAH-183 (80%) and TAH-134 (60%)”
Claim · model-written summary
All other accessions germinated 100% across all treatments after 11 days.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- A. hypogaea accessionse1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Value
- 100%e1
- Qualifier
- across all treatments after 11 dayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“All A. hypogaea accessions showed 100% germination across all treatments after 11 days except TAH-183 (80%) and TAH-134 (60%)”
Claim · model-written summary
TAH-142 was the most susceptible accession to A. rolfsii, with a disease severity index of 50%.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- TAH-142e2
- Interactor
- Athelia rolfsii
Agroathelia rolfsiit1pathogen - Outcome
- disease severity indexe2
- Direction
- most susceptiblee2
- Value
- 50%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
t1“inoculated with stem rot fungus (Athelia rolfsii (Sacc.) C.C. Tu & Kim.)”
e2“TAH-142 and TAH-183 accessions inoculated with A. rolfsii were the most susceptible with disease severity index of 50% and 33.30% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
TAH-183 was among the most susceptible accessions to A. rolfsii, with a disease severity index of 33.30%.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- TAH-183e2
- Interactor
- Athelia rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiit1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severity indexe2
- Direction
- most susceptiblee2
- Value
- 33.30%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
t1“inoculated with stem rot fungus (Athelia rolfsii (Sacc.) C.C. Tu & Kim.)”
e2“TAH-142 and TAH-183 accessions inoculated with A. rolfsii were the most susceptible with disease severity index of 50% and 33.30% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar application gave 0% disease severity index for all accessions, compared with A. rolfsii alone.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- biochar applicatione2
- Outcome
- DSIe2
- Direction
- recordede2
- Value
- 0%e2
- Comparator
- A. rolfsii alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“control(C), A. rolfsii alone (T) and A. rolfsii+Biochar (A+T)”
e2“biochar application treatments recorded 0% DSI for all accessions”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with A. rolfsii significantly reduced shoot length in TAH-142 and TAH-124 compared with controls.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- TAH-142 and TAH-124e2
- Treatment
- inoculation of A. hypogaea accessions with A. rolfsiie2
- Interactor
- A. rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiie2pathogen
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“control(C), A. rolfsii alone (T) and A. rolfsii+Biochar (A+T)”
e2“inoculation of A. hypogaea accessions with A. rolfsii significantly (p<0.001) reduced the growth parameters such as shoot length for TAH-142 and TAH-124 which recorded the lowest values”
Claim · model-written summary
TAH-183 and TAH-164 had the highest shoot growth compared with their controls and biochar treatments.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- TAH-183 and TAH-164e1
- Outcome
- shoot growthe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- their controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“TAH-183 and TAH-164 had the highest shoot growth”
e2“when compared to their controls and biochar treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
TAH-142 had the least total photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- TAH-142e1
- Outcome
- TPP contentse1
- Direction
- leaste1
- Value
- 30.00 mg/kge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“TAH-142 (T=30.00 mg/kg, C=37.90 mg/kg, A+B=40.00 mg/kg) recorded the least TPP contents”
Claim · model-written summary
TGM-183 had the highest total photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- TGM-183e1
- Outcome
- TPPe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 44.50 mg/kge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“TGM-183 (T=36.00 mg/kg, C=40.10 mg/kg, A+T=44.50 mg/kg) recorded the highest TPP”
Claim · model-written summary
TAH-142 had the lowest fresh biomass yield.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- TAH-142e1
- Outcome
- fresh biomass yielde1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 5.77±0.09 ge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“TAH-142 (5.77±0.09 g) had the lowest fresh biomass yield”
Claim · model-written summary
TAH-164 showed better tolerance to A. rolfsii infection, with fresh biomass of 58.70±1.56 g.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- TAH-164e1
- Interactor
- A. rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiie1pathogen
- Outcome
- tolerance to A. rolfsii infectione1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Value
- 58.70±1.56 ge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“while TAH-164 (58.70±1.56 g) had a better tolerance to A. rolfsii infection”
Claim · model-written summary
With biochar applied, TAH-183 showed greater fresh biomass yield (89.67±4.53 g).
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- TAH-183e1
- Treatment
- biochar was appliede1
- Outcome
- fresh biomass yielde1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 89.67±4.53 ge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“However, TAH-183 showed greater fresh biomass yield when biochar was applied (89.67±4.53 g) while TAH-142 recorded the lowest (78.90±2.21 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
TAH-142 had the lowest fresh biomass yield (78.90±2.21 g) in the biochar comparison.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- TAH-142e1
- Outcome
- fresh biomass yielde1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 78.90±2.21 ge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“However, TAH-183 showed greater fresh biomass yield when biochar was applied (89.67±4.53 g) while TAH-142 recorded the lowest (78.90±2.21 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar amendment significantly stimulated growth above the treatment and control.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Amelioration of soil with biochare1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- stimulatede1
- Comparator
- the treatment and controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“Amelioration of soil with biochar significantly (p=0.001) stimulated growth above the treatment and control”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar amendment gave a similar trend for leaf area, petiole length and leaf number.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Amelioration of soil with biochare1
- Outcome
- leaf area, petiole length, leaf numbere2
- Direction
- Similar trende2
- Comparator
- the treatment and controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“Amelioration of soil with biochar significantly (p=0.001) stimulated growth above the treatment and control”
e2“Similar trend was observed for leaf area, petiole length, leaf number, stem girth and internode length”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar amendment gave a similar trend for stem girth and internode length.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Amelioration of soil with biochare1
- Outcome
- stem girth and internode lengthe2
- Direction
- Similar trende2
- Comparator
- the treatment and controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“Amelioration of soil with biochar significantly (p=0.001) stimulated growth above the treatment and control”
e2“Similar trend was observed for leaf area, petiole length, leaf number, stem girth and internode length”
Claim · model-written summary
A. rolfsii infection had a negative effect on the growth and biomass yield of peanut.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- A. rolfsii infectione2
- Interactor
- A. rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiie2pathogen
- Outcome
- growth and biomass yielde2
- Direction
- negative effecte2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“control(C), A. rolfsii alone (T) and A. rolfsii+Biochar (A+T)”
e2“This study has shown that A. rolfsii infection had a negative effect on the growth and biomass yield of A. hypogaea”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amended with biochar conferred disease tolerance in all accessions.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea L.Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- soil amended with biochare1
- Outcome
- disease tolerancee1
- Direction
- conferrede1
- Qualifier
- eliminating the need for the use of fungicides and additional fertilizer applicatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arachis hypogaea L.”
e1“soil amended with biochar conferred disease tolerance in all A. hypogaea accessions thus eliminating the need for the use of fungicides and additional fertilizer application”
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