Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the potential of AM (Arbuscular mycorrhiza) fungi alone and in combination with bioinoculants i.e., Rhizobium to find out the best combination on dry biomass, nodulation, colonization, and yield, along with their biocontrol against groundnut foot and root rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. The study was carried out under pot culture conditions in the net house of the Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur in 2020 and 2021. The experiment was designed in RCBD with eight treatments and four replications. Peat-based rhizobial inoculum (BARI RAh-801) was used @ 1.5 kg ha-1 in this experiment. Soil-based AM inoculum containing approximately 252 spores and infected root pieces of the host plant was used in pot-1. The treatments were Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), Rhizobium, AM+Rhizobium, Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotium rolfsii+AM, Sclerotium rolfsii+Rhizobium, Sclerotium rolfsii+AM+Rhizobium and Control. Dual inoculation (AM+Rhizobium) significantly increased dry biomass, nodulation, colonization, yield, and yield attributes of groundnut compared to single inoculation or other treatments. The result showed that dual inoculation (AMF+Rhizobium) increased nut yield (59.61% in 2020 and 26.32% in 2021) and stover yield (23.21% in 2020 and 33.74% in 2021) compared to control. On the contrary, Sclerotium rolfsii+AMF+Rhizobium increased nut yield (65.50% in 2020 and 52.94% in 2021) and stover yield (36.45% in 2020 and 99.35% in 2021) compared to only Sclerotium rolfsii treatment. The plant dry biomass, nodulation, colonization, nutrient concentration and uptake were increased by dual inoculation under pathogenic and non-pathogenic conditions leading to an improved yield of groundnut. Therefore, AMF species and its combination with rhizobial inoculum were significant in the formation and effectiveness of AM fungi symbiosis. They also increased yield and reduced the incidence of foot and root rot disease in groundnut plants.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Dual AM and Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased biomass, nodulation and colonization against single inoculation or other treatments.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- Dual inoculation (AM+Rhizobium)e0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- dry biomass, nodulation, colonizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- single inoculation or other treatmentse0
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dual inoculation (AM+Rhizobium) significantly increased dry biomass, nodulation, colonization, yield, and yield attributes of groundnut compared to single inoculation or other treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation significantly increased yield and yield attributes.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Dual inoculation (AM+Rhizobium)e0
- Interactor
- AMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- yield, and yield attributese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- single inoculation or other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dual inoculation (AM+Rhizobium) significantly increased dry biomass, nodulation, colonization, yield, and yield attributes of groundnut compared to single inoculation or other treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF plus Rhizobium increased nut yield by 59.61% in 2020 versus control.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- dual inoculation (AMF+Rhizobium)e0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nut yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 59.61%e0
- Qualifier
- 2020e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dual inoculation (AMF+Rhizobium) increased nut yield (59.61% in 2020 and 26.32% in 2021) and stover yield (23.21% in 2020 and 33.74% in 2021) compared to control.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF plus Rhizobium increased nut yield by 26.32% in 2021 versus control.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- dual inoculation (AMF+Rhizobium)e0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nut yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.32%e0
- Qualifier
- 2021e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dual inoculation (AMF+Rhizobium) increased nut yield (59.61% in 2020 and 26.32% in 2021) and stover yield (23.21% in 2020 and 33.74% in 2021) compared to control.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF plus Rhizobium increased stover yield by 23.21% in 2020 versus control.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- dual inoculation (AMF+Rhizobium)e0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- stover yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23.21%e0
- Qualifier
- 2020e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dual inoculation (AMF+Rhizobium) increased nut yield (59.61% in 2020 and 26.32% in 2021) and stover yield (23.21% in 2020 and 33.74% in 2021) compared to control.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF plus Rhizobium increased stover yield by 33.74% in 2021 versus control.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- dual inoculation (AMF+Rhizobium)e0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- stover yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33.74%e0
- Qualifier
- 2021e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dual inoculation (AMF+Rhizobium) increased nut yield (59.61% in 2020 and 26.32% in 2021) and stover yield (23.21% in 2020 and 33.74% in 2021) compared to control.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation with pathogen increased nut yield by 65.50% in 2020 against pathogen alone.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Sclerotium rolfsii+AMF+Rhizobiume0
- Interactor
- Sclerotium rolfsii
Agroathelia rolfsiie0pathogen - Second interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nut yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 65.50%e0
- Qualifier
- 2020e0
- Comparator
- only Sclerotium rolfsii treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sclerotium rolfsii+AMF+Rhizobium increased nut yield (65.50% in 2020 and 52.94% in 2021) and stover yield (36.45% in 2020 and 99.35% in 2021) compared to only Sclerotium rolfsii treatment.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation with pathogen increased nut yield by 52.94% in 2021.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Sclerotium rolfsii+AMF+Rhizobiume0
- Interactor
- Sclerotium rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nut yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 52.94%e0
- Qualifier
- 2021e0
- Comparator
- only Sclerotium rolfsii treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sclerotium rolfsii+AMF+Rhizobium increased nut yield (65.50% in 2020 and 52.94% in 2021) and stover yield (36.45% in 2020 and 99.35% in 2021) compared to only Sclerotium rolfsii treatment.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation with pathogen increased stover yield by 36.45% in 2020.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Sclerotium rolfsii+AMF+Rhizobiume0
- Interactor
- Sclerotium rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- stover yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 36.45%e0
- Qualifier
- 2020e0
- Comparator
- only Sclerotium rolfsii treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sclerotium rolfsii+AMF+Rhizobium increased nut yield (65.50% in 2020 and 52.94% in 2021) and stover yield (36.45% in 2020 and 99.35% in 2021) compared to only Sclerotium rolfsii treatment.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation with pathogen increased stover yield by 99.35% in 2021.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Sclerotium rolfsii+AMF+Rhizobiume0
- Interactor
- Sclerotium rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- stover yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 99.35%e0
- Qualifier
- 2021e0
- Comparator
- only Sclerotium rolfsii treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sclerotium rolfsii+AMF+Rhizobium increased nut yield (65.50% in 2020 and 52.94% in 2021) and stover yield (36.45% in 2020 and 99.35% in 2021) compared to only Sclerotium rolfsii treatment.”
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation increased plant dry biomass, nodulation and colonization under pathogenic and nonpathogenic conditions.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- dual inoculatione0
- Outcome
- plant dry biomass, nodulation, colonizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under pathogenic and non-pathogenic conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant dry biomass, nodulation, colonization, nutrient concentration and uptake were increased by dual inoculation under pathogenic and non-pathogenic conditions leading to an improved yield of groundnut.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation increased nutrient concentration and uptake.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- dual inoculatione0
- Outcome
- nutrient concentration and uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under pathogenic and non-pathogenic conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant dry biomass, nodulation, colonization, nutrient concentration and uptake were increased by dual inoculation under pathogenic and non-pathogenic conditions leading to an improved yield of groundnut.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF species and rhizobial inoculum increased groundnut yield.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They also increased yield and reduced the incidence of foot and root rot disease in groundnut plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF species and rhizobial inoculum reduced foot and root rot incidence.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- incidence of foot and root rot diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They also increased yield and reduced the incidence of foot and root rot disease in groundnut plants.”
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