Abstract
Abstract Increasing nitrogen (N) deposition exacerbates phosphorus (P) limitations in subtropical Chinese fir plantations, yet clonal mechanisms mediating root adaptation to heterogeneous P environments remain unclear. This study investigates the growth and metabolic responses of three clones (Y061/Y020: P-efficient; Y2C: P-sensitive) under N deposition and contrasting P distributions. Elevated N deposition enhanced aboveground and belowground biomass under heterogeneous P conditions, particularly enhancing Y061’s root length and surface area. Elevated N deposition significantly increased APase activity while decreasing organic acid secretion, particularly under homogeneous P-deficient conditions. Heterogeneous P supply amplified clonal divergence: P-efficient clones exhibited higher phosphorus absorption efficiency (PAE) than Y2C through root morphological plasticity, while N deposition upregulated APase activity but reduced total organic acids secretion. Metabolomic revealed N-driven shifts in exudate profiles, with lactic, malonic, succinic and oxalic acid increasing while shikimic, quinic and malic acids decreased. Notably, nitrogen absorption efficiency synergistically enhanced PAE under high N conditions. Clones Y061 and Y020 demonstrated superior N and P absorption capabilities, while clone Y2C prioritized enzymatic P mobilization in homogeneous deficiency but showed compromised growth. We demonstrate that N deposition restructures root foraging strategies along a “morphological-enzymatic” axis, where P-efficient clones exploit spatial nutrient heterogeneity through root proliferation rather than organic acid investment. These findings provide actionable solutions: (i) deploying Y061 and Y020 clones in high-N regions improves productivity and (ii) Mixed plantations mimicking heterogeneous P distribution enhance nutrient resilience. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of nutrient dynamics and providing targeted strategies for sustainable forestry in acidified subtropical soils.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated nitrogen increased aboveground and belowground biomass with heterogeneous phosphorus.
- Taxon
- Chinese firt0
- Treatment
- Elevated N depositione0
- Outcome
- aboveground and belowground biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- heterogeneous P conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Elevated N deposition enhanced aboveground and belowground biomass under heterogeneous P conditions”
t0“Chinese fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated nitrogen increased Y061 root length and surface area.
- Taxon
- Chinese firt0
- Material
- Y061e0
- Treatment
- Elevated N depositione1
- Outcome
- root length and surface areae0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“particularly enhancing Y061’s root length and surface area”
e1“Elevated N deposition enhanced aboveground and belowground biomass under heterogeneous P conditions”
t0“nitrogen deposition and phosphorus distribution patterns on root morphological and chemical traits, and nutrient efficiency in Chinese fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated nitrogen significantly increased APase activity.
- Taxon
- Chinese firt0
- Treatment
- Elevated N depositione0
- Gene
- APasee0
- Outcome
- APase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Elevated N deposition significantly increased APase activity”
t0“Chinese fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated nitrogen decreased organic acid secretion under homogeneous phosphorus deficiency.
- Taxon
- Chinese firt0
- Treatment
- Elevated N depositione1
- Outcome
- organic acid secretione0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Qualifier
- homogeneous P-deficient conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“decreasing organic acid secretion, particularly under homogeneous P-deficient conditions”
e1“Elevated N deposition enhanced aboveground and belowground biomass under heterogeneous P conditions”
t0“nitrogen deposition and phosphorus distribution patterns on root morphological and chemical traits, and nutrient efficiency in Chinese fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus-efficient clones had higher phosphorus absorption efficiency than Y2C under heterogeneous supply.
Verbatim
e0“P-efficient clones exhibited higher phosphorus absorption efficiency (PAE) than Y2C through root morphological plasticity”
t0“Chinese fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased lactic, malonic, succinic and oxalic acid in root exudates.
- Taxon
- Chinese firt0
- Treatment
- nitrogent0
- Outcome
- lactic, malonic, succinic and oxalic acide0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“lactic, malonic, succinic and oxalic acid increasing”
t0“nitrogen deposition and phosphorus distribution patterns on root morphological and chemical traits, and nutrient efficiency in Chinese fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen decreased shikimic, quinic and malic acids in root exudates.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“shikimic, quinic and malic acids decreased”
t0“nitrogen deposition and phosphorus distribution patterns on root morphological and chemical traits, and nutrient efficiency in Chinese fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen absorption efficiency enhanced phosphorus absorption efficiency under high nitrogen.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen absorption efficiency synergistically enhanced PAE under high N conditions”
t0“Chinese fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Y061 and Y020 showed superior nitrogen and phosphorus absorption.
Verbatim
e0“Clones Y061 and Y020 demonstrated superior N and P absorption capabilities”
t0“Chinese fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Y2C prioritized enzymatic phosphorus mobilization in homogeneous deficiency.
Verbatim
e0“clone Y2C prioritized enzymatic P mobilization in homogeneous deficiency”
t0“Chinese fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Y2C showed compromised growth in homogeneous deficiency.
Verbatim
e0“clone Y2C prioritized enzymatic P mobilization in homogeneous deficiency but showed compromised growth”
t0“Chinese fir”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Y061 and Y020 in high nitrogen regions to improve productivity.
Verbatim
e0“deploying Y061 and Y020 clones in high-N regions improves productivity”
t0“Chinese fir”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend mixed plantations with heterogeneous phosphorus to enhance nutrient resilience.
Verbatim
e0“Mixed plantations mimicking heterogeneous P distribution enhance nutrient resilience”
t0“Chinese fir”