Abstract
The appropriate use of fertilizers is considered a prerequisite for obtaining high yields and seed quality. For okra, a species with great importance and potential to be explored in several areas, the quality of the seeds is one of the most limiting factors for obtaining uniform plant populations and, consequently, high yield. The aim of this work was to study the effect of applying calcium to flowers and fruits on production, quality, enzymatic activity and macronutrients content in okra seeds and fruits. Five concentrations of calcium were tested (0.0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 g L−1), using calcium chloride (27% Ca). Applications were made every 10 days, directed to flowers and fruits, starting as soon as the first floral buds appeared on most plants. There was no difference in the characteristics of electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, P, K, Mg and S content in fruits, N, K, Ca and S in seeds and lipid peroxidation. The higher the calcium concentration applied, the greater the activities of the POD and CAT enzymes in the seeds and of Ca content only in the fruits. The highest values for weight of one thousand seeds, seed (germination and emergence) and hydrogen peroxide content were estimated with concentrations between 1.2 and 1.3 g L−1. There was a linear increase in fruit and seed productivity the higher the calcium concentration, resulting in an increase of 27 and 25%, respectively, in relation to the treatment without calcium application. Despite being the second nutrient with the highest content in the fruits, after K, Ca was the macronutrient with the lowest content in the seeds.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium application did not change electrical conductivity or accelerated aging.
- Taxon
- okra
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Abelmoschus esculentuse1 - Treatment
- calciume2
- Outcome
- electrical conductivity, accelerated aginge0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Comparator
- 0.0 (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“There was no difference in the characteristics of electrical conductivity, accelerated aging”
e1“For okra”
e2“Five concentrations of calcium were tested (0.0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 g L−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium application did not change fruit P, K, Mg or S content.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Treatment
- calciume2
- Outcome
- P, K, Mg and S content in fruitse0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Comparator
- 0.0 (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no difference in the characteristics of electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, P, K, Mg and S content in fruits”
e1“For okra”
e2“Five concentrations of calcium were tested (0.0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 g L−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium application did not change seed N, K, Ca or S content.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse2
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- calciume3
- Outcome
- N, K, Ca and S in seedse0
- Direction
- no differencee1
- Comparator
- 0.0 (control)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N, K, Ca and S in seeds and lipid peroxidation”
e1“There was no difference in the characteristics of electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, P, K, Mg and S content in fruits, N, K, Ca and S in seeds and lipid peroxidation”
e2“For okra”
e3“Five concentrations of calcium were tested (0.0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 g L−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium application did not change lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- calciume2
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Comparator
- 0.0 (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no difference in the characteristics of electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, P, K, Mg and S content in fruits, N, K, Ca and S in seeds and lipid peroxidation”
e1“For okra”
e2“Five concentrations of calcium were tested (0.0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 g L−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher calcium concentration increased seed POD and CAT activities.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- calcium concentratione0
- Outcome
- activities of the POD and CAT enzymes in the seedse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 0.0 (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher the calcium concentration applied, the greater the activities of the POD and CAT enzymes in the seeds”
e1“For okra”
e2“Five concentrations of calcium were tested (0.0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 g L−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher calcium concentration increased fruit Ca content.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Treatment
- calcium concentratione0
- Outcome
- Ca content only in the fruitse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 0.0 (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher the calcium concentration applied, the greater the activities of the POD and CAT enzymes in the seeds and of Ca content only in the fruits”
e1“For okra”
e2“Five concentrations of calcium were tested (0.0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 g L−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thousand-seed weight peaked at calcium concentrations between 1.2 and 1.3 g L−1.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- calciume2
- Outcome
- weight of one thousand seedse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.2 and 1.3 g L−1e0
- Comparator
- 0.0 (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values for weight of one thousand seeds, seed (germination and emergence) and hydrogen peroxide content were estimated with concentrations between 1.2 and 1.3 g L−1”
e1“For okra”
e2“Five concentrations of calcium were tested (0.0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 g L−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed germination and emergence peaked at calcium concentrations between 1.2 and 1.3 g L−1.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- calciume2
- Outcome
- seed (germination and emergence)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.2 and 1.3 g L−1e0
- Comparator
- 0.0 (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values for weight of one thousand seeds, seed (germination and emergence) and hydrogen peroxide content were estimated with concentrations between 1.2 and 1.3 g L−1”
e1“For okra”
e2“Five concentrations of calcium were tested (0.0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 g L−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed hydrogen peroxide content peaked at calcium concentrations between 1.2 and 1.3 g L−1.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- calciume2
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.2 and 1.3 g L−1e0
- Comparator
- 0.0 (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values for weight of one thousand seeds, seed (germination and emergence) and hydrogen peroxide content were estimated with concentrations between 1.2 and 1.3 g L−1”
e1“For okra”
e2“Five concentrations of calcium were tested (0.0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 g L−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit productivity rose 27% with higher calcium concentration versus no calcium.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- calcium concentratione0
- Outcome
- fruit and seed productivitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 27e0
- Comparator
- treatment without calcium applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a linear increase in fruit and seed productivity the higher the calcium concentration, resulting in an increase of 27 and 25%, respectively, in relation to the treatment without calcium application”
e1“For okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed productivity rose 25% with higher calcium concentration versus no calcium.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- calcium concentratione0
- Outcome
- seed productivitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- treatment without calcium applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a linear increase in fruit and seed productivity the higher the calcium concentration, resulting in an increase of 27 and 25%, respectively, in relation to the treatment without calcium application”
e1“For okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca ranked second among fruit nutrients after K.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Outcome
- second nutrient with the highest content in the fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite being the second nutrient with the highest content in the fruits, after K, Ca was the macronutrient with the lowest content in the seeds”
e1“For okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca had the lowest seed macronutrient content.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- macronutrient with the lowest content in the seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca was the macronutrient with the lowest content in the seeds”
e1“For okra”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · growth · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
calcium atom · yield · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.