Abstract
Two CO 2 concentrations (400 ± 20 and 800 ± 20 µmol mol − 1 ) and two CdCl 2 concentrations (0 and 150 µmol L − 1 ) were applied to rice seedlings for a duration of 10 days to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying elevated CO 2 on Cd stress resistance. Physiological parameters of rice roots, including electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), were evaluated. Additionally, metabolomic analysis was conducted to elucidate the metabolic changes associated with the treatments. Our results demonstrated that Cd stress induced membrane damage, that was evident by a significant increase in electrical conductivity by 4.5% and MDA content by 82.24%. Moreover, SOD and POD activities were enhanced in response to Cd stress. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant enhancements in the metabolism of sugars, polyols, amino acids, and α-linolenic acid. These metabolic improvements contribute to osmotic regulation, membrane stability, energy provision, nitrogen assimilation, and antioxidative capacity, respectively. The presence of elevated concentrations of CO 2 significantly impacts the activity of SOD in rice roots, the contents of glycine, serine and threonine were increased. Furthermore, the increase in CO 2 concentration not only enhances CAT activity by 57.64% (compared to Cd stress), but also mitigates membrane damage under the combined treatment condition. Secondary metabolites (ferulic acid and phenylalanine) played crucial roles in both Cd stress response as well as combined treatment responses. Enhancement of tryptophan and tyrosine levels was also observed indicating their role in response to Cd stress or combined treatment responses respectively. Overall, our findings shed light on internal mechanisms underlying rice roots about the role of elevated CO 2 in mitigating Cd stress, so as to provide valuable insights for future studies on plant adaptation towards environmental stresses within a changing climate.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased root electrical conductivity by 4.5%.
- Taxon
- rice seedlings
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- electrical conductivitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 4.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd stress induced membrane damage, that was evident by a significant increase in electrical conductivity by 4.5%”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased root MDA content by 82.24%.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse1
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Value
- 82.24%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MDA content by 82.24%”
t0“rice seedlings”
e1“Cd stress induced membrane damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress enhanced SOD and POD activities.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- SOD and POD activitiese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SOD and POD activities were enhanced in response to Cd stress”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress significantly enhanced metabolism of sugars, polyols, and amino acids.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse1
- Outcome
- metabolism of sugars, polyols, amino acidse0
- Direction
- enhancementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metabolomic analysis revealed significant enhancements in the metabolism of sugars, polyols, amino acids, and α-linolenic acid”
t0“rice seedlings”
e1“SOD and POD activities were enhanced in response to Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress significantly enhanced α-linolenic acid metabolism.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse1
- Outcome
- α-linolenic acide0
- Direction
- enhancementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhancements in the metabolism of sugars, polyols, amino acids, and α-linolenic acid”
t0“rice seedlings”
e1“SOD and POD activities were enhanced in response to Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly affected root SOD activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- elevated concentrations of CO 2e0
- Outcome
- activity of SODe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated concentrations of CO 2 significantly impacts the activity of SOD in rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased glycine, serine and threonine contents.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated concentrations of CO 2e1
- Outcome
- contents of glycine, serine and threoninee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of glycine, serine and threonine were increased”
t0“rice seedlings”
e1“elevated concentrations of CO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased CAT activity by 57.64% relative to cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increase in CO 2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- CAT activitye0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Value
- 57.64%e0
- Comparator
- Cd stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in CO 2 concentration not only enhances CAT activity by 57.64% (compared to Cd stress)”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 mitigated membrane damage under combined treatment.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increase in CO 2 concentratione1
- Outcome
- membrane damagee0
- Direction
- mitigatese0
- Qualifier
- combined treatment conditione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mitigates membrane damage under the combined treatment condition”
t0“rice seedlings”
e1“increase in CO 2 concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferulic acid and phenylalanine played crucial roles in cadmium and combined stress responses.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Compound
- ferulic acid and phenylalaninee0
- Outcome
- Cd stress response as well as combined treatment responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Secondary metabolites (ferulic acid and phenylalanine) played crucial roles in both Cd stress response as well as combined treatment responses”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tryptophan levels were enhanced under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- tryptophane0
- Direction
- Enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enhancement of tryptophan and tyrosine levels was also observed indicating their role in response to Cd stress or combined treatment responses respectively”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tyrosine levels were enhanced under combined treatment.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined treatment responsese0
- Outcome
- tyrosine levelse0
- Direction
- Enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enhancement of tryptophan and tyrosine levels was also observed indicating their role in response to Cd stress or combined treatment responses respectively”
t0“rice seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →cadmium atom · physiology: oxidative · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →cadmium atom · soil: chemistry · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
heavy metal · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →co2 · physiology: oxidative · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →heavy metal · physiology: oxidative · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
32 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →co2 · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
heavy metal · soil: chemistry · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.