Abstract
Climate change driven by increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has a significant impact on agricultural systems, particularly in coastal areas that are prone to rising salinity and decreased soil quality. The application of biofertilizers as a strategy for enhancing soil carbon stocks is crucial, given their role in promoting microbial activity and nutrient availability, leading to soil fertility. This study aimed to evaluate the role of biofertilizers in increasing soil carbon stocks and soybean yields in coastal areas. The research was conducted from April to December 2024 in Bengkulu City. The field experiment was designed in a split-plot design, with the main plot was soybean varieties at two levels (i.e., Anjasmoro and Dering I), and the subplot was fertilizer inputs at four levels (i.e., recommended inorganic fertilizer, AMF + Bradyrhizobium + potassium solvent, Bradyrhizobium + phosphate solvent + potassium solvent, and Bioenzyme). The application of biofertilizers and bioenzymes effectively increased soil carbon stock. The potassium-solubilizing microbial population had a greater influence on carbon stocks than the phosphate-solubilizing population and AMF. The use of biofertilizers and bioenzymes also improved soil biological properties and nutrient absorption, thereby contributing to increase soybean yields. This study provides evidence to support government policies promoting biofertilizer use in agriculture, including training and extension programs for farmers, particularly in coastal areas, to improve soil quality, enhance yields, and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers which are often expensive and can degrade soil quality in the long term.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizers increased soil carbon stock.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- soil carbon stocke0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of biofertilizers and bioenzymes effectively increased soil carbon stock”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioenzymes increased soil carbon stock.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- bioenzymese0
- Outcome
- soil carbon stocke0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of biofertilizers and bioenzymes effectively increased soil carbon stock”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium-solubilizing microbes influenced carbon stocks more than phosphate-solubilizing microbes and AMF.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- potassium-solubilizing microbial populatione0symbiont
- Outcome
- carbon stockse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- phosphate-solubilizing population and AMFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The potassium-solubilizing microbial population had a greater influence on carbon stocks than the phosphate-solubilizing population and AMF”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizers improved soil biological properties and nutrient absorption.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- soil biological properties and nutrient absorptione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of biofertilizers and bioenzymes also improved soil biological properties and nutrient absorption”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioenzymes improved soil biological properties and nutrient absorption.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- bioenzymese0
- Outcome
- soil biological properties and nutrient absorptione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of biofertilizers and bioenzymes also improved soil biological properties and nutrient absorption”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizers increased soybean yields.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of biofertilizers and bioenzymes also improved soil biological properties and nutrient absorption, thereby contributing to increase soybean yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioenzymes increased soybean yields.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- bioenzymese0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of biofertilizers and bioenzymes also improved soil biological properties and nutrient absorption, thereby contributing to increase soybean yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors support policies promoting biofertilizer use in coastal agriculture.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- government policies promoting biofertilizer use in agriculturee0
- Setting
- coastal arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“support government policies promoting biofertilizer use in agriculture, including training and extension programs for farmers, particularly in coastal areas, to improve soil quality, enhance yields, and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers”
t0“soybean”
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