Abstract
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is a drought-tolerant, underutilised legume with the potential to improve food security, but its slow, uneven germination due to hard seed coats constrains cultivation. This study investigated the effects of hydropriming (0, 12, 24, and 36 h) on the seed imbibition, emergence, and early seedling growth in four landraces (NW, Nov4, ARC, and 519) under greenhouse conditions. The results showed genotype-specific variation in the water uptake, with Genotype 519 exhibiting the highest water imbibition (17.31%) at 36 h, while NW displayed slower but steadier hydration (13.51%). These differences reflect contrasting seed coat permeability and hydration strategies, which influenced the subsequent emergence patterns. Hydropriming significantly reduced the time to emergence (50% emergence by Day 5 in NW) and increased the seedling vigour. After 9 days of growth, the shoot length increased from 7.8 cm to 12.7 cm, the root length from 11.6 cm to 18.1 cm, and the dry mass from 0.38 g to 0.67 g. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant effects (p < 0.01) of the genotype, the priming duration, and their interaction on traits such as the root length, dry mass, and root-to-shoot ratio. PCA identified the whole-plant dry mass, root dry mass, and root-to-shoot ratio as key contributors to performance. Pearson correlation showed a strong positive association (r = 1.0, p < 0.001) between the priming duration and seedling biomass, although the extended imbibition time may partially explain this trend. Hydropriming, particularly for 36 h, showed promise in promoting early growth, indicating that it is a favourable low-cost intervention. Field-level validation is recommended to assess the practical scalability under diverse environmental conditions.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Landrace 519 had the highest water imbibition, 17.31%, at 36 h.
- Taxon
- Bambara groundnut
Vigna subterraneae1 - Material
- Genotype 519e0
- Outcome
- water imbibitione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 17.31%e0
- Qualifier
- 36 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotype 519 exhibiting the highest water imbibition (17.31%) at 36 h”
e1“Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NW showed slower but steadier hydration of 13.51%.
- Taxon
- Bambara groundnutVigna subterraneae1
- Material
- NWe0
- Outcome
- hydratione0
- Direction
- slowere0
- Value
- 13.51%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NW displayed slower but steadier hydration (13.51%)”
e1“Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydropriming significantly reduced time to emergence; NW reached 50% emergence by Day 5.
- Taxon
- Bambara groundnutVigna subterraneae1
- Material
- NWe0
- Treatment
- Hydropriminge0
- Outcome
- time to emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 50% emergence by Day 5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydropriming significantly reduced the time to emergence (50% emergence by Day 5 in NW)”
e1“Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydropriming increased seedling vigour.
- Taxon
- Bambara groundnutVigna subterraneae1
- Treatment
- Hydropriminge0
- Outcome
- seedling vigoure0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydropriming significantly reduced the time to emergence (50% emergence by Day 5 in NW) and increased the seedling vigour.”
e1“Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot length rose from 7.8 to 12.7 cm after 9 days.
- Taxon
- Bambara groundnutVigna subterraneae1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.8 cm to 12.7 cme0
- Qualifier
- After 9 days of growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 9 days of growth, the shoot length increased from 7.8 cm to 12.7 cm”
e1“Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length rose from 11.6 to 18.1 cm after nine days.
- Taxon
- Bambara groundnutVigna subterraneae2
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Value
- 11.6 cm to 18.1 cme0
- Qualifier
- After 9 days of growthe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the root length from 11.6 cm to 18.1 cm”
e1“After 9 days of growth”
e2“Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry mass rose from 0.38 to 0.67 g after nine days.
- Taxon
- Bambara groundnutVigna subterraneae2
- Outcome
- dry masse0
- Value
- 0.38 g to 0.67 ge0
- Qualifier
- After 9 days of growthe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dry mass from 0.38 g to 0.67 g”
e1“After 9 days of growth”
e2“Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype, priming duration and their interaction significantly affected root length, dry mass and root-to-shoot ratio.
- Taxon
- Bambara groundnutVigna subterraneae1
- Treatment
- priming duratione0
- Outcome
- root length, dry mass, and root-to-shoot ratioe0
- Qualifier
- genotype, the priming duration, and their interactione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant effects (p < 0.01) of the genotype, the priming duration, and their interaction on traits such as the root length, dry mass, and root-to-shoot ratio”
e1“Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
PCA identified whole-plant dry mass, root dry mass and root-to-shoot ratio as key performance contributors.
- Taxon
- Bambara groundnutVigna subterraneae1
- Organ / stage
- whole-plante0
- Outcome
- performancee0
- Qualifier
- whole-plant dry mass, root dry mass, and root-to-shoot ratioe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PCA identified the whole-plant dry mass, root dry mass, and root-to-shoot ratio as key contributors to performance.”
e1“Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming duration correlated positively with seedling biomass (r = 1.0).
- Taxon
- Bambara groundnutVigna subterraneae1
- Treatment
- priming duratione0
- Outcome
- seedling biomasse0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- r = 1.0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strong positive association (r = 1.0, p < 0.001) between the priming duration and seedling biomass”
e1“Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors considered 36 h hydropriming promising for early growth.
- Taxon
- Bambara groundnutVigna subterraneae1
- Outcome
- Hydropriming, particularly for 36 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydropriming, particularly for 36 h, showed promise in promoting early growth”
e1“Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommended field validation of hydropriming scalability under diverse conditions.
- Taxon
- Bambara groundnutVigna subterraneae1
- Outcome
- Field-level validatione0
- Qualifier
- diverse environmental conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-level validation is recommended to assess the practical scalability under diverse environmental conditions.”
e1“Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)”
The same questions in other papers
seed treatment · growth · Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.