Abstract
Abstract This study evaluated the effects of geographical locations (Adıyaman and Pozantı) and fertilizer types (vermicompost and conventional) on yield, vitamin C content, total phenolic content and other quality parameters of two broccoli cultivars (‘Orantes’ F 1 and ‘Robredo’ F 1 ). Over 2 years of field trials conducted in open-field conditions using a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, both location and fertilizer type had a significant effect on broccoli growth and yield parameters. In Pozantı, conventional fertilizer achieved the highest total yield for ‘Orantes’ F 1 (1403.74 kg · da −1 ) and the highest soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter readings (85.72). In Adıyaman, ‘Robredo’ F 1 adapted better, reaching 1256.43 kg · da −1 , while ‘Orantes’ F 1 had the highest vitamin C (1392.13 mg · kg −1 ) and phenolic content (434.11 mg · kg −1 ) with conventional fertilizer. Nitrogen content generally decreased with vermicompost application compared with conventional fertilizer, showing a reduction of up to 24.03% in ‘Robredo’ F 1 grown in Pozantı during the second year. By contrast, potassium content increased by 29.39% in ‘Orantes’ F 1 (Adıyaman, first year) under vermicompost, while ‘Robredo’ F 1 showed a decrease of 32.96% under the same conditions. Iron (Fe) concentrations were higher in ‘Orantes’ F 1 with vermicompost, with an increase of 24.98% in Adıyaman and 15.65% in Pozantı, whereas conventional fertilizer led to a much higher Fe content (79.06% increase) in ‘Robredo’ F 1 (Adıyaman). Zinc (Zn) levels were generally enhanced by vermicompost, particularly in Pozantı—’Orantes’ F 1 where a 41.46% increase was recorded, while ‘Robredo’ F 1 in Adıyaman showed a 16.23% decrease. These results emphasise the importance of genotype and location in determining the efficiency of organic vs. conventional fertilizers. These results highlight the need for site-specific fertilizer strategies to optimise broccoli yield and quality.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Location and fertilizer type both had a significant effect on broccoli growth and yield parameters.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae0 - Treatment
- fertilizer typee1
- Outcome
- growth and yield parameterse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two broccoli cultivars”
e1“both location and fertilizer type had a significant effect on broccoli growth and yield parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional fertilizer gave the highest total yield of ‘Orantes’ F 1 in Pozantı (1403.74 kg · da −1).
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Material
- ‘Orantes’ F 1e2
- Treatment
- conventional fertilizere2
- Outcome
- total yielde2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 1403.74 kg · da −1e2
- Setting
- Pozantıe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two broccoli cultivars”
e2“In Pozantı, conventional fertilizer achieved the highest total yield for ‘Orantes’ F 1 (1403.74 kg · da −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional fertilizer gave the highest SPAD chlorophyll meter readings (85.72) in Pozantı.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- conventional fertilizere2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll meter readingse3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 85.72e3
- Setting
- Pozantıe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two broccoli cultivars”
e2“In Pozantı, conventional fertilizer achieved the highest total yield for ‘Orantes’ F 1 (1403.74 kg · da −1 )”
e3“the highest soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter readings (85.72)”
Claim · model-written summary
‘Robredo’ F 1 adapted better in Adıyaman, reaching 1256.43 kg · da −1 total yield.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Material
- ‘Robredo’ F 1e4
- Outcome
- adapted bettere4
- Value
- 1256.43 kg · da −1e4
- Setting
- Adıyamane4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two broccoli cultivars”
e4“In Adıyaman, ‘Robredo’ F 1 adapted better, reaching 1256.43 kg · da −1 , while ‘Orantes’ F 1 had the highest vitamin C (1392.13 mg · kg −1 ) and phenolic content (434.11 mg · kg −1 ) with conventional fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional fertilizer gave the highest vitamin C content (1392.13 mg · kg −1) in ‘Orantes’ F 1 in Adıyaman.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Material
- ‘Orantes’ F 1e4
- Treatment
- conventional fertilizere4
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 1392.13 mg · kg −1e4
- Setting
- Adıyamane4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two broccoli cultivars”
e4“In Adıyaman, ‘Robredo’ F 1 adapted better, reaching 1256.43 kg · da −1 , while ‘Orantes’ F 1 had the highest vitamin C (1392.13 mg · kg −1 ) and phenolic content (434.11 mg · kg −1 ) with conventional fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional fertilizer gave the highest phenolic content (434.11 mg · kg −1) in ‘Orantes’ F 1 in Adıyaman.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Material
- ‘Orantes’ F 1e4
- Treatment
- conventional fertilizere4
- Outcome
- phenolic contente4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 434.11 mg · kg −1e4
- Setting
- Adıyamane4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two broccoli cultivars”
e4“In Adıyaman, ‘Robredo’ F 1 adapted better, reaching 1256.43 kg · da −1 , while ‘Orantes’ F 1 had the highest vitamin C (1392.13 mg · kg −1 ) and phenolic content (434.11 mg · kg −1 ) with conventional fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost application generally decreased nitrogen content compared with conventional fertilizer.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- vermicompost applicatione5
- Outcome
- Nitrogen contente5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Qualifier
- generallye5
- Comparator
- conventional fertilizere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two broccoli cultivars”
e5“Nitrogen content generally decreased with vermicompost application compared with conventional fertilizer, showing a reduction of up to 24.03% in ‘Robredo’ F 1 grown in Pozantı during the second year”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost application reduced nitrogen content by up to 24.03% in ‘Robredo’ F 1 grown in Pozantı during the second year.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Material
- ‘Robredo’ F 1e5
- Treatment
- vermicompost applicatione5
- Outcome
- Nitrogen contente5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Value
- 24.03%e5
- Qualifier
- during the second yeare5
- Comparator
- conventional fertilizere5
- Setting
- Pozantıe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two broccoli cultivars”
e5“Nitrogen content generally decreased with vermicompost application compared with conventional fertilizer, showing a reduction of up to 24.03% in ‘Robredo’ F 1 grown in Pozantı during the second year”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost increased potassium content by 29.39% in ‘Orantes’ F 1 in Adıyaman in the first year.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Material
- ‘Orantes’ F 1e6
- Treatment
- vermicomposte6
- Outcome
- potassium contente6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 29.39%e6
- Qualifier
- first yeare6
- Setting
- Adıyamane6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two broccoli cultivars”
e6“By contrast, potassium content increased by 29.39% in ‘Orantes’ F 1 (Adıyaman, first year) under vermicompost, while ‘Robredo’ F 1 showed a decrease of 32.96% under the same conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost decreased potassium content by 32.96% in ‘Robredo’ F 1 under the same conditions.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Material
- ‘Robredo’ F 1e6
- Treatment
- vermicomposte6
- Outcome
- potassium contente6
- Direction
- decreasee6
- Value
- 32.96%e6
- Qualifier
- under the same conditionse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two broccoli cultivars”
e6“By contrast, potassium content increased by 29.39% in ‘Orantes’ F 1 (Adıyaman, first year) under vermicompost, while ‘Robredo’ F 1 showed a decrease of 32.96% under the same conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost increased iron concentrations by 24.98% in ‘Orantes’ F 1 in Adıyaman.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Material
- ‘Orantes’ F 1e7
- Treatment
- vermicomposte7
- Outcome
- Iron (Fe) concentrationse7
- Direction
- highere7
- Value
- 24.98%e7
- Setting
- Adıyamane7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two broccoli cultivars”
e7“Iron (Fe) concentrations were higher in ‘Orantes’ F 1 with vermicompost, with an increase of 24.98% in Adıyaman and 15.65% in Pozantı, whereas conventional fertilizer led to a much higher Fe content (79.06% increase) in ‘Robredo’ F 1 (Adıyaman)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost increased iron concentrations by 15.65% in ‘Orantes’ F 1 in Pozantı.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Material
- ‘Orantes’ F 1e7
- Treatment
- vermicomposte7
- Outcome
- Iron (Fe) concentrationse7
- Direction
- highere7
- Value
- 15.65%e7
- Setting
- Pozantıe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two broccoli cultivars”
e7“Iron (Fe) concentrations were higher in ‘Orantes’ F 1 with vermicompost, with an increase of 24.98% in Adıyaman and 15.65% in Pozantı, whereas conventional fertilizer led to a much higher Fe content (79.06% increase) in ‘Robredo’ F 1 (Adıyaman)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional fertilizer gave a much higher iron content (79.06% increase) in ‘Robredo’ F 1 in Adıyaman.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Material
- ‘Robredo’ F 1e7
- Treatment
- conventional fertilizere7
- Outcome
- Fe contente7
- Direction
- highere7
- Value
- 79.06%e7
- Setting
- Adıyamane7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two broccoli cultivars”
e7“Iron (Fe) concentrations were higher in ‘Orantes’ F 1 with vermicompost, with an increase of 24.98% in Adıyaman and 15.65% in Pozantı, whereas conventional fertilizer led to a much higher Fe content (79.06% increase) in ‘Robredo’ F 1 (Adıyaman)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost generally enhanced zinc levels in broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte6
- Outcome
- Zinc (Zn) levelse6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Qualifier
- generallye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two broccoli cultivars”
e6“Zinc (Zn) levels were generally enhanced by vermicompost, particularly in Pozantı—’Orantes’ F 1 where a 41.46% increase was recorded, while ‘Robredo’ F 1 in Adıyaman showed a 16.23% decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost increased zinc levels by 41.46% in ‘Orantes’ F 1 in Pozantı.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Material
- ‘Orantes’ F 1e6
- Treatment
- vermicomposte6
- Outcome
- Zinc (Zn) levelse6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Value
- 41.46%e6
- Setting
- Pozantıe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two broccoli cultivars”
e6“Zinc (Zn) levels were generally enhanced by vermicompost, particularly in Pozantı—’Orantes’ F 1 where a 41.46% increase was recorded, while ‘Robredo’ F 1 in Adıyaman showed a 16.23% decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc levels decreased by 16.23% in ‘Robredo’ F 1 in Adıyaman.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Material
- ‘Robredo’ F 1e6
- Outcome
- Zinc (Zn) levelse6
- Direction
- decreasee6
- Value
- 16.23%e6
- Setting
- Adıyamane6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two broccoli cultivars”
e6“Zinc (Zn) levels were generally enhanced by vermicompost, particularly in Pozantı—’Orantes’ F 1 where a 41.46% increase was recorded, while ‘Robredo’ F 1 in Adıyaman showed a 16.23% decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend site-specific fertilizer strategies to optimise broccoli yield and quality.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Outcome
- site-specific fertilizer strategiese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These results highlight the need for site-specific fertilizer strategies to optimise broccoli yield and quality”
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