Paper · 2025 · Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management)

Effect of Irrigating Cooler Water (ICWr) on The Canopy Temperature of Japonica Rice Cultivars Himenorin and Nikomaru

Nazif Ichwan; Taufiq Yuliawan; Augustine Ukpoju; et al.

7
claims
13
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

The canopy temperature of rice is a critical concern due to rising air temperatures and the increasing risk of heat damage. In this study, we investigated the canopy temperature difference (CTd) and canopy temperature depression (CTD) in the Japonica rice cultivars ‘Himenorin’ (HR) and ‘Nikomaru’ (NM). Additionally, we examined the effect of irrigating cooler water (ICWr) on canopy temperature, particularly its impact on CTD reduction, compared to a control plot. The results showed that CTd in HR was lower than in NM. Furthermore, CTD reached 2.23 °C in HR and 2.35 °C in NM under shallower ponding conditions. ICWr effectively reduced the canopy temperature in both cultivars and decreased CTD to a negative value. These findings highlight that ICWr can mitigate canopy temperature increases under more intense solar radiation and high air temperatures. Therefore, implementing ICWr in rice fields may serve as a potential countermeasure to reduce heat damage in rice by lowering canopy temperature. Further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and enhance strategies for mitigating heat exposure, ensuring rice resilience and sustainability in a changing climate.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 7

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The canopy temperature difference was lower in Himenorin than Nikomaru.

Material
HRe0
Outcome
CTde0
Direction
lowere0
Comparator
NMe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Oryza sativa Japonica Group · TaxonAugustus Binu : flickr : Instagram · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The results showed that CTd in HR was lower than in NM.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 468–523 · show in text ↑
t0

“Japonica Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–83 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Canopy temperature depression under shallow ponding was 2.23 °C in Himenorin.

Material
HRe0
Outcome
CTDe0
Value
2.23 °Ce0
Qualifier
shallower ponding conditionse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Oryza sativa Japonica Group · TaxonAugustus Binu : flickr : Instagram · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Furthermore, CTD reached 2.23 °C in HR and 2.35 °C in NM under shallower ponding conditions.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 524–616 · show in text ↑
t0

“Japonica Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–83 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Canopy temperature depression under shallow ponding was 2.35 °C in Nikomaru.

Material
NMe0
Outcome
CTDe0
Value
2.35 °Ce0
Qualifier
shallower ponding conditionse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Oryza sativa Japonica Group · TaxonAugustus Binu : flickr : Instagram · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Furthermore, CTD reached 2.23 °C in HR and 2.35 °C in NM under shallower ponding conditions.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 524–616 · show in text ↑
t0

“Japonica Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–83 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cooler water irrigation reduced canopy temperature in both rice cultivars.

Treatment
ICWre0
Outcome
canopy temperaturee0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Oryza sativa Japonica Group · TaxonAugustus Binu : flickr : Instagram · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“ICWr effectively reduced the canopy temperature in both cultivars and decreased CTD to a negative value.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 617–721 · show in text ↑
t0

“Japonica Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–83 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cooler water irrigation decreased canopy temperature depression to a negative value.

Treatment
ICWre0
Outcome
CTDe0
Direction
decreasede0
Qualifier
negative valuee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Oryza sativa Japonica Group · TaxonAugustus Binu : flickr : Instagram · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“ICWr effectively reduced the canopy temperature in both cultivars and decreased CTD to a negative value.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 617–721 · show in text ↑
t0

“Japonica Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–83 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cooler irrigation water may mitigate canopy warming under stronger solar radiation and high air temperature.

Treatment
ICWre0
Outcome
canopy temperature increasese0
Direction
mitigatee0
Qualifier
under more intense solar radiation and high air temperaturese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Oryza sativa Japonica Group · TaxonAugustus Binu : flickr : Instagram · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“These findings highlight that ICWr can mitigate canopy temperature increases under more intense solar radiation and high air temperatures.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 722–860 · show in text ↑
t0

“Japonica Rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–83 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors propose cooler water irrigation as a potential rice field countermeasure against heat damage.

Treatment
implementing ICWr in rice fieldse0
Outcome
reduce heat damagee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Therefore, implementing ICWr in rice fields may serve as a potential countermeasure to reduce heat damage in rice by lowering canopy temperature.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 861–1006 · show in text ↑

irrigation · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

291 papers: 222 positive, 69 negative or no effect

221 papers in the same direction as this paper · 62 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

287 papers more in this group

See all 291 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.