Abstract
Background. Soybean is one of the main oil and protein crops in the world, which occupies the largest cultivated area among legumes. However, adverse growing conditions, particularly salinity, can cause significant yield losses. It is known that salt stress affects morphological indices and physiological processes in soybean plants. Given the fact that the main factors contributing to the soybean-rhizobial symbiosis productivity are nitrogen fixation and CO2 assimilation, it is important to find ways to optimize these processes, in particular under salinity conditions. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted on symbiotic systems created with the participation of soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) of the Samorodok variety and nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum RS08 strain, cultivated with the addition of Ge and Mo nanocarboxylates. Results. It was revealed that salinity inhibited the activity of the symbiotic and photosynthetic apparatuses in soybean. With that, the degree of the symbiotic apparatus activity suppression under salinity conditions decreased over time. The addition of Ge nanocarboxylate to the inoculation suspension had a positive effect on the net CO2 assimilation rate in plant leaves under salinity at the bean-filling stage, and Mo – at all studied development stages. The transpiration rate closely correlated with the net assimilation rate, although the degree of its suppression by salinity was much less than that of photosynthesis. Positive correlations were found between nitrogen-fixing activity and the calculated net CO2 assimilation rate by the whole plant. A close positive correlation was found between the net assimilation rate at the bean filling stage and the grain productivity of soybean plants. At the same time, under inoculation with a suspension of rhizobia with the addition of Mo nanocarboxylate, the weight of the grain from the plant was the largest both among the control plants (without salinity) and among the salinity treatments. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that, according to all investigated physiological parameters, inoculation of soybean seeds with Bradyrhizobium japonicum RS08 strain with the addition of Mo nanocarboxylate was the most effective in maintaining the activity of the symbiotic and photosynthetic apparatuses and, ultimately, grain productivity of plants both under normal conditions and under salinity.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity inhibited soybean symbiotic and photosynthetic apparatus activity.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- activity of the symbiotic and photosynthetic apparatusese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity inhibited the activity of the symbiotic and photosynthetic apparatuses in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppression of soybean symbiotic apparatus activity under salinity decreased over time.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salinity conditionse0
- Outcome
- symbiotic apparatus activity suppressione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- over timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the degree of the symbiotic apparatus activity suppression under salinity conditions decreased over time”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ge nanocarboxylate in inoculation suspension positively affected net CO2 assimilation at bean filling under salinity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- plant leavese0
- Treatment
- addition of Ge nanocarboxylate to the inoculation suspensione0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum RS08 strain
Bradyrhizobium japonicume1symbiont - Outcome
- net CO2 assimilation ratee0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
- Qualifier
- under salinity at the bean-filling stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Ge nanocarboxylate to the inoculation suspension had a positive effect on the net CO2 assimilation rate in plant leaves under salinity at the bean-filling stage”
t0“soybean”
e1“nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum RS08 strain”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo addition positively affected net CO2 assimilation under salinity at all studied stages.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- plant leavese0
- Treatment
- Moe0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum RS08 strainBradyrhizobium japonicume1symbiont
- Outcome
- net CO2 assimilation ratee0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
- Qualifier
- at all studied development stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Ge nanocarboxylate to the inoculation suspension had a positive effect on the net CO2 assimilation rate in plant leaves under salinity at the bean-filling stage, and Mo – at all studied development stages.”
t0“soybean”
e1“nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum RS08 strain”
Claim · model-written summary
Transpiration rate closely correlated with net assimilation rate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee0
- Qualifier
- closely correlatede0
- Comparator
- net assimilation ratee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transpiration rate closely correlated with the net assimilation rate”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity suppressed transpiration less than photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- suppressione0
- Qualifier
- much lesse0
- Comparator
- photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transpiration rate closely correlated with the net assimilation rate, although the degree of its suppression by salinity was much less than that of photosynthesis.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-fixing activity correlated positively with calculated whole-plant net CO2 assimilation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- whole plante0
- Outcome
- nitrogen-fixing activitye0
- Direction
- Positivee0
- Comparator
- calculated net CO2 assimilation ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Positive correlations were found between nitrogen-fixing activity and the calculated net CO2 assimilation rate by the whole plant.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean-filling net assimilation rate correlated closely and positively with soybean grain productivity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- bean filling stagee0
- Outcome
- grain productivitye0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Comparator
- net assimilation ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A close positive correlation was found between the net assimilation rate at the bean filling stage and the grain productivity of soybean plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobia inoculation with Mo produced the largest grain weight among nonsaline controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with a suspension of rhizobia with the addition of Mo nanocarboxylatee0
- Interactor
- rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- weight of the grain from the plante0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Qualifier
- without salinitye0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under inoculation with a suspension of rhizobia with the addition of Mo nanocarboxylate, the weight of the grain from the plant was the largest both among the control plants (without salinity) and among the salinity treatments”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobia inoculation with Mo produced the largest grain weight among salinity treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with a suspension of rhizobia with the addition of Mo nanocarboxylatee0
- Interactor
- rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- weight of the grain from the plante0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Comparator
- salinity treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under inoculation with a suspension of rhizobia with the addition of Mo nanocarboxylate, the weight of the grain from the plant was the largest both among the control plants (without salinity) and among the salinity treatments”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude soybean inoculation with RS08 and Mo was most effective in maintaining symbiotic activity, photosynthetic activity and grain productivity under normal conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- inoculation of soybean seeds with Bradyrhizobium japonicum RS08 strain with the addition of Mo nanocarboxylatee0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum RS08 strainBradyrhizobium japonicume0symbiont
- Outcome
- activity of the symbiotic and photosynthetic apparatuses and, ultimately, grain productivitye0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Qualifier
- under normal conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of soybean seeds with Bradyrhizobium japonicum RS08 strain with the addition of Mo nanocarboxylate was the most effective in maintaining the activity of the symbiotic and photosynthetic apparatuses and, ultimately, grain productivity of plants both under normal conditions and under salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude soybean inoculation with RS08 and Mo was most effective in maintaining symbiotic activity, photosynthetic activity and grain productivity under salinity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- inoculation of soybean seeds with Bradyrhizobium japonicum RS08 strain with the addition of Mo nanocarboxylatee0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum RS08 strainBradyrhizobium japonicume0symbiont
- Outcome
- activity of the symbiotic and photosynthetic apparatuses and, ultimately, grain productivitye0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Qualifier
- under salinitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of soybean seeds with Bradyrhizobium japonicum RS08 strain with the addition of Mo nanocarboxylate was the most effective in maintaining the activity of the symbiotic and photosynthetic apparatuses and, ultimately, grain productivity of plants both under normal conditions and under salinity”
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See all 34 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.