Abstract
An experiment was conducted during 2014–15 on 23-year-old trees of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivar Early Large Red to evaluate the effect of foliar application of calcium, zinc, and boron at different concentrations on fruit yield, quality, and economic returns. Significant improvements were observed in fruit yield and quality attributes with boron application. Foliar spray of borax at 0.80% resulted in the highest number of fruits per branch (196.1), fruit weight (21.97 g), fruit length (3.69 cm), and quality fruit yield (2757.5 kg/acre), along with the lowest net loss (3.34%). This treatment also led to superior fruit quality in terms of higher TSS, reducing and non-reducing sugars, sugar: acid ratio, and the lowest acidity. Notably, the highest fruit breadth (3.15 cm) was recorded with borax at 1.0%. Economic analysis revealed that borax at 0.80% yielded the highest net returns (₹177,442/acre) and the best benefit-cost ratio (B:C) (4.48), making it the most economically viable treatment. Among all treatments, borax at 0.80% proved most effective in enhancing both productivity and profitability in litchi cultivar Early Large Red, suggesting its suitability as a key foliar nutrient strategy for improving commercial litchi cultivation.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Boron application significantly improved fruit yield and quality attributes of litchi.
- Taxon
- litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)
Litchi chinensise0 - Material
- Early Large Rede0
- Treatment
- boron applicatione1
- Outcome
- fruit yield and quality attributese1
- Direction
- Significant improvementse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted during 2014–15 on 23-year-old trees of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivar Early Large Red”
e1“Significant improvements were observed in fruit yield and quality attributes with boron application”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 0.80% gave the highest number of fruits per branch (196.1) in litchi.
- Taxon
- litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)Litchi chinensise0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of borax at 0.80%e2
- Outcome
- number of fruits per branche2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 196.1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted during 2014–15 on 23-year-old trees of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivar Early Large Red”
e2“Foliar spray of borax at 0.80% resulted in the highest number of fruits per branch (196.1), fruit weight (21.97 g), fruit length (3.69 cm), and quality fruit yield (2757.5 kg/acre), along with the lowest net loss (3.34%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 0.80% gave the highest fruit weight (21.97 g) in litchi.
- Taxon
- litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)Litchi chinensise0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of borax at 0.80%e2
- Outcome
- fruit weighte2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 21.97 ge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted during 2014–15 on 23-year-old trees of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivar Early Large Red”
e2“Foliar spray of borax at 0.80% resulted in the highest number of fruits per branch (196.1), fruit weight (21.97 g), fruit length (3.69 cm), and quality fruit yield (2757.5 kg/acre), along with the lowest net loss (3.34%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 0.80% gave the highest fruit length (3.69 cm) in litchi.
- Taxon
- litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)Litchi chinensise0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of borax at 0.80%e2
- Outcome
- fruit lengthe2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 3.69 cme2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted during 2014–15 on 23-year-old trees of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivar Early Large Red”
e2“Foliar spray of borax at 0.80% resulted in the highest number of fruits per branch (196.1), fruit weight (21.97 g), fruit length (3.69 cm), and quality fruit yield (2757.5 kg/acre), along with the lowest net loss (3.34%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 0.80% gave the highest quality fruit yield (2757.5 kg/acre) in litchi.
- Taxon
- litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)Litchi chinensise0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of borax at 0.80%e2
- Outcome
- quality fruit yielde2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 2757.5 kg/acree2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted during 2014–15 on 23-year-old trees of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivar Early Large Red”
e2“Foliar spray of borax at 0.80% resulted in the highest number of fruits per branch (196.1), fruit weight (21.97 g), fruit length (3.69 cm), and quality fruit yield (2757.5 kg/acre), along with the lowest net loss (3.34%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 0.80% gave the lowest net loss (3.34%) in litchi.
- Taxon
- litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)Litchi chinensise0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of borax at 0.80%e2
- Outcome
- net losse2
- Direction
- loweste2
- Value
- 3.34%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted during 2014–15 on 23-year-old trees of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivar Early Large Red”
e2“Foliar spray of borax at 0.80% resulted in the highest number of fruits per branch (196.1), fruit weight (21.97 g), fruit length (3.69 cm), and quality fruit yield (2757.5 kg/acre), along with the lowest net loss (3.34%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 0.80% gave higher TSS and reducing and non-reducing sugars in litchi fruit.
- Taxon
- litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)Litchi chinensise0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of borax at 0.80%e2
- Outcome
- TSS, reducing and non-reducing sugarse3
- Direction
- highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted during 2014–15 on 23-year-old trees of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivar Early Large Red”
e2“Foliar spray of borax at 0.80% resulted in the highest number of fruits per branch (196.1), fruit weight (21.97 g), fruit length (3.69 cm), and quality fruit yield (2757.5 kg/acre), along with the lowest net loss (3.34%)”
e3“This treatment also led to superior fruit quality in terms of higher TSS, reducing and non-reducing sugars, sugar: acid ratio, and the lowest acidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 0.80% gave a higher sugar:acid ratio in litchi fruit.
- Taxon
- litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)Litchi chinensise0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of borax at 0.80%e2
- Outcome
- sugar: acid ratioe3
- Direction
- highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted during 2014–15 on 23-year-old trees of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivar Early Large Red”
e2“Foliar spray of borax at 0.80% resulted in the highest number of fruits per branch (196.1), fruit weight (21.97 g), fruit length (3.69 cm), and quality fruit yield (2757.5 kg/acre), along with the lowest net loss (3.34%)”
e3“This treatment also led to superior fruit quality in terms of higher TSS, reducing and non-reducing sugars, sugar: acid ratio, and the lowest acidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 0.80% gave the lowest acidity in litchi fruit.
- Taxon
- litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)Litchi chinensise0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of borax at 0.80%e2
- Outcome
- aciditye3
- Direction
- loweste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted during 2014–15 on 23-year-old trees of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivar Early Large Red”
e2“Foliar spray of borax at 0.80% resulted in the highest number of fruits per branch (196.1), fruit weight (21.97 g), fruit length (3.69 cm), and quality fruit yield (2757.5 kg/acre), along with the lowest net loss (3.34%)”
e3“This treatment also led to superior fruit quality in terms of higher TSS, reducing and non-reducing sugars, sugar: acid ratio, and the lowest acidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 1.0% gave the highest fruit breadth (3.15 cm) in litchi.
- Taxon
- litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)Litchi chinensise0
- Treatment
- borax at 1.0%e4
- Outcome
- fruit breadthe4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 3.15 cme4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted during 2014–15 on 23-year-old trees of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivar Early Large Red”
e4“the highest fruit breadth (3.15 cm) was recorded with borax at 1.0%”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 0.80% gave the highest net returns (₹177,442/acre) in litchi.
- Taxon
- litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)Litchi chinensise0
- Treatment
- borax at 0.80%e5
- Outcome
- net returnse5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- ₹177,442/acree5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted during 2014–15 on 23-year-old trees of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivar Early Large Red”
e5“borax at 0.80% yielded the highest net returns (₹177,442/acre) and the best benefit-cost ratio (B:C) (4.48)”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax at 0.80% gave the best benefit-cost ratio (4.48) in litchi.
- Taxon
- litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)Litchi chinensise0
- Treatment
- borax at 0.80%e5
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe5
- Direction
- beste5
- Value
- 4.48e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An experiment was conducted during 2014–15 on 23-year-old trees of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivar Early Large Red”
e5“borax at 0.80% yielded the highest net returns (₹177,442/acre) and the best benefit-cost ratio (B:C) (4.48)”
Claim · model-written summary
Borax is suitable as a key foliar nutrient strategy for commercial litchi cultivation.
- Outcome
- suitability as a key foliar nutrient strategye6
LitchiOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“suggesting its suitability as a key foliar nutrient strategy for improving commercial litchi cultivation”
The same questions in other papers
borax · yield · Litchi chinensis (lychee)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
application · quality: sugar starch · Litchi chinensis (lychee)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
application · yield · Litchi chinensis (lychee)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.