Abstract
Bio-fertilizers are a cost-effective, renewable resource that plays a significant role in reducing the reliance on inorganic fertilizers, while simultaneously enhancing plant growth, flower quality, yield, and maintaining soil fertility. The combined use of potassium-solubilizing and mobilizing bio-inoculants with inorganic fertilizers has been shown to boost the effectiveness of organic inputs and improve the efficiency of chemical fertilizers, allowing for reduced application rates. With this context, this study was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Navile, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga. The experiment consisted of 10 treatments laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data was collected on plant growth, flower characteristics, and yield factors. Among all treatments T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF) recorded highest plant height (60.04 cm), stem girth (6.57 mm), internodal length (2.80 cm), number of primary & secondary branches per plant (9.12 & 26.37), individual flower weight (6.36 g), flower diameter (6.69 cm), shelf life (7.17 days), number of flowers per plant (77.93), flower yield per plant (360.60 g), per m2 (4.16 kg) and per poly house (2.6 t/560 m2), number of suckers per plant (7.21), per m2(68.11) and per polyhouse (28607.6). In summary, the use of 75 percent potassium along with 100 percent nitrogen and phosphorus, combined with bio-inoculants, is the most beneficial for improving the vegetative growth, flower quality, and yield characteristics of chrysanthemum.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
T7 had the highest plant height (60.04 cm).
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum
.jpeg?width=60)
Chrysanthemumt0 - Treatment
- T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF)e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 60.04 cme0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Among all treatments T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF) recorded highest plant height (60.04 cm), stem girth (6.57 mm), internodal length (2.80 cm), number of primary & secondary branches per plant (9.12 & 26.37), individual flower weight (6.36 g), flower diameter (6.69 cm), shelf life (7.17 days), number of flowers per plant (77.93), flower yield per plant (360.60 g), per m2 (4.16 kg) and per poly house (2.6 t/560 m2), number of suckers per plant (7.21), per m2(68.11) and per polyhouse (28607.6).”
t0“of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 had the highest stem girth (6.57 mm).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF)e0
- Outcome
- stem girthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.57 mme0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all treatments T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF) recorded highest plant height (60.04 cm), stem girth (6.57 mm), internodal length (2.80 cm), number of primary & secondary branches per plant (9.12 & 26.37), individual flower weight (6.36 g), flower diameter (6.69 cm), shelf life (7.17 days), number of flowers per plant (77.93), flower yield per plant (360.60 g), per m2 (4.16 kg) and per poly house (2.6 t/560 m2), number of suckers per plant (7.21), per m2(68.11) and per polyhouse (28607.6).”
t0“of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 had the highest internodal length (2.80 cm).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF)e0
- Outcome
- internodal lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.80 cme0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all treatments T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF) recorded highest plant height (60.04 cm), stem girth (6.57 mm), internodal length (2.80 cm), number of primary & secondary branches per plant (9.12 & 26.37), individual flower weight (6.36 g), flower diameter (6.69 cm), shelf life (7.17 days), number of flowers per plant (77.93), flower yield per plant (360.60 g), per m2 (4.16 kg) and per poly house (2.6 t/560 m2), number of suckers per plant (7.21), per m2(68.11) and per polyhouse (28607.6).”
t0“of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 had the highest number of primary & secondary branches per plant (9.12 & 26.37).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF)e0
- Outcome
- number of primary & secondary branches per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9.12 & 26.37e0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all treatments T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF) recorded highest plant height (60.04 cm), stem girth (6.57 mm), internodal length (2.80 cm), number of primary & secondary branches per plant (9.12 & 26.37), individual flower weight (6.36 g), flower diameter (6.69 cm), shelf life (7.17 days), number of flowers per plant (77.93), flower yield per plant (360.60 g), per m2 (4.16 kg) and per poly house (2.6 t/560 m2), number of suckers per plant (7.21), per m2(68.11) and per polyhouse (28607.6).”
t0“of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 had the highest individual flower weight (6.36 g).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF)e0
- Outcome
- individual flower weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.36 ge0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all treatments T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF) recorded highest plant height (60.04 cm), stem girth (6.57 mm), internodal length (2.80 cm), number of primary & secondary branches per plant (9.12 & 26.37), individual flower weight (6.36 g), flower diameter (6.69 cm), shelf life (7.17 days), number of flowers per plant (77.93), flower yield per plant (360.60 g), per m2 (4.16 kg) and per poly house (2.6 t/560 m2), number of suckers per plant (7.21), per m2(68.11) and per polyhouse (28607.6).”
t0“of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 had the highest flower diameter (6.69 cm).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF)e0
- Outcome
- flower diametere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.69 cme0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all treatments T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF) recorded highest plant height (60.04 cm), stem girth (6.57 mm), internodal length (2.80 cm), number of primary & secondary branches per plant (9.12 & 26.37), individual flower weight (6.36 g), flower diameter (6.69 cm), shelf life (7.17 days), number of flowers per plant (77.93), flower yield per plant (360.60 g), per m2 (4.16 kg) and per poly house (2.6 t/560 m2), number of suckers per plant (7.21), per m2(68.11) and per polyhouse (28607.6).”
t0“of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 had the highest shelf life (7.17 days).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF)e0
- Outcome
- shelf lifee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 7.17 dayse0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all treatments T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF) recorded highest plant height (60.04 cm), stem girth (6.57 mm), internodal length (2.80 cm), number of primary & secondary branches per plant (9.12 & 26.37), individual flower weight (6.36 g), flower diameter (6.69 cm), shelf life (7.17 days), number of flowers per plant (77.93), flower yield per plant (360.60 g), per m2 (4.16 kg) and per poly house (2.6 t/560 m2), number of suckers per plant (7.21), per m2(68.11) and per polyhouse (28607.6).”
t0“of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 had the highest number of flowers per plant (77.93).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF)e0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 77.93e0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all treatments T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF) recorded highest plant height (60.04 cm), stem girth (6.57 mm), internodal length (2.80 cm), number of primary & secondary branches per plant (9.12 & 26.37), individual flower weight (6.36 g), flower diameter (6.69 cm), shelf life (7.17 days), number of flowers per plant (77.93), flower yield per plant (360.60 g), per m2 (4.16 kg) and per poly house (2.6 t/560 m2), number of suckers per plant (7.21), per m2(68.11) and per polyhouse (28607.6).”
t0“of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 had the highest flower yield per plant (360.60 g).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF)e0
- Outcome
- flower yield per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 360.60 ge0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all treatments T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF) recorded highest plant height (60.04 cm), stem girth (6.57 mm), internodal length (2.80 cm), number of primary & secondary branches per plant (9.12 & 26.37), individual flower weight (6.36 g), flower diameter (6.69 cm), shelf life (7.17 days), number of flowers per plant (77.93), flower yield per plant (360.60 g), per m2 (4.16 kg) and per poly house (2.6 t/560 m2), number of suckers per plant (7.21), per m2(68.11) and per polyhouse (28607.6).”
t0“of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 had the highest per m2 (4.16 kg).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF)e0
- Outcome
- per m2e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.16 kge0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all treatments T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF) recorded highest plant height (60.04 cm), stem girth (6.57 mm), internodal length (2.80 cm), number of primary & secondary branches per plant (9.12 & 26.37), individual flower weight (6.36 g), flower diameter (6.69 cm), shelf life (7.17 days), number of flowers per plant (77.93), flower yield per plant (360.60 g), per m2 (4.16 kg) and per poly house (2.6 t/560 m2), number of suckers per plant (7.21), per m2(68.11) and per polyhouse (28607.6).”
t0“of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 had the highest per poly house (2.6 t/560 m2).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF)e0
- Outcome
- per poly housee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.6 t/560 m2e0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all treatments T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF) recorded highest plant height (60.04 cm), stem girth (6.57 mm), internodal length (2.80 cm), number of primary & secondary branches per plant (9.12 & 26.37), individual flower weight (6.36 g), flower diameter (6.69 cm), shelf life (7.17 days), number of flowers per plant (77.93), flower yield per plant (360.60 g), per m2 (4.16 kg) and per poly house (2.6 t/560 m2), number of suckers per plant (7.21), per m2(68.11) and per polyhouse (28607.6).”
t0“of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 had the highest number of suckers per plant (7.21).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF)e0
- Outcome
- number of suckers per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 7.21e0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all treatments T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF) recorded highest plant height (60.04 cm), stem girth (6.57 mm), internodal length (2.80 cm), number of primary & secondary branches per plant (9.12 & 26.37), individual flower weight (6.36 g), flower diameter (6.69 cm), shelf life (7.17 days), number of flowers per plant (77.93), flower yield per plant (360.60 g), per m2 (4.16 kg) and per poly house (2.6 t/560 m2), number of suckers per plant (7.21), per m2(68.11) and per polyhouse (28607.6).”
t0“of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 had the highest per m2 (68.11).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF)e0
- Outcome
- per m2e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 68.11e0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all treatments T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF) recorded highest plant height (60.04 cm), stem girth (6.57 mm), internodal length (2.80 cm), number of primary & secondary branches per plant (9.12 & 26.37), individual flower weight (6.36 g), flower diameter (6.69 cm), shelf life (7.17 days), number of flowers per plant (77.93), flower yield per plant (360.60 g), per m2 (4.16 kg) and per poly house (2.6 t/560 m2), number of suckers per plant (7.21), per m2(68.11) and per polyhouse (28607.6).”
t0“of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 had the highest per polyhouse (28607.6).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF)e0
- Outcome
- per polyhousee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 28607.6e0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all treatments T7 (100% N & P+ 75% K + KSB+ KSF) recorded highest plant height (60.04 cm), stem girth (6.57 mm), internodal length (2.80 cm), number of primary & secondary branches per plant (9.12 & 26.37), individual flower weight (6.36 g), flower diameter (6.69 cm), shelf life (7.17 days), number of flowers per plant (77.93), flower yield per plant (360.60 g), per m2 (4.16 kg) and per poly house (2.6 t/560 m2), number of suckers per plant (7.21), per m2(68.11) and per polyhouse (28607.6).”
t0“of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)”
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