Abstract
Peanut shells, which are agricultural waste of global peanut processing, are rich in flavonoids with bioactive properties such as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, but their utilization is not enough because of lack of preparation technology suitable for industrial production and investigation for developing application. The aim of this study was mainly to develop a method for high efficiently extraction of flavonoids from peanut shells (PSFs), evaluate the stability, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of PSFs, and further investigate its influence on the growth and yield of peanut based on the properties of PSFs. The result showed that the content of flavonoids obtained by ultrasonic-assisted grading extraction can reach 52.06 ± 0.26 %, which significantly higher than traditional alcohol extraction process, thereby the purification process of flavonoids can be greatly reduced. The dominant components (relative content >1%) of PSFs included 9 kinds of flavonoid compounds after purification. PSFs also presented good stability and antioxidant activity, and extensive antibacterial activity, especially, displayed an obvious inhibitory effect on peanut pathogens, such as A. flavus , F. oxysporum , S. rolfsii and other filamentous fungi, which provided a theoretical basis for its application in promoting plant growth and disease resistance. Field experiments showed that the application of PSFs could promote the growth and emergence rate of peanut seedlings, improve root nodulation, and increase peanut yield. The emergence rate and yield of peanut were increased by about 10 % and 20 %, respectively. These findings provide a useful direction on PSFs for its efficient preparation and application into agriculture.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Ultrasonic-assisted grading extraction gave a flavonoid content of 52.06 ± 0.26 % from peanut shells, significantly higher than traditional alcohol extraction.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Organ / stage
- peanut shellse0
- Treatment
- ultrasonic-assisted grading extractione1
- Outcome
- content of flavonoidse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 52.06 ± 0.26 %e1
- Comparator
- traditional alcohol extraction processe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Peanut shells, which are agricultural waste of global peanut processing, are rich in flavonoids”
e1“The result showed that the content of flavonoids obtained by ultrasonic-assisted grading extraction can reach 52.06 ± 0.26 %, which significantly higher than traditional alcohol extraction process”
Claim · model-written summary
Ultrasonic-assisted grading extraction greatly reduced the purification process of flavonoids compared with traditional alcohol extraction.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- ultrasonic-assisted grading extractione1
- Outcome
- purification process of flavonoidse2
- Direction
- greatly reducede2
- Comparator
- traditional alcohol extraction processe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Peanut shells, which are agricultural waste of global peanut processing, are rich in flavonoids”
e1“The result showed that the content of flavonoids obtained by ultrasonic-assisted grading extraction can reach 52.06 ± 0.26 %, which significantly higher than traditional alcohol extraction process”
e2“thereby the purification process of flavonoids can be greatly reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine flavonoid compounds were the dominant components (relative content >1%) of peanut shell flavonoids after purification.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- dominant componentse3
- Value
- 9 kindse3
- Qualifier
- relative content >1%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Peanut shells, which are agricultural waste of global peanut processing, are rich in flavonoids”
e3“The dominant components (relative content >1%) of PSFs included 9 kinds of flavonoid compounds after purification”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut shell flavonoids showed good stability and antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- stability and antioxidant activitye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Peanut shells, which are agricultural waste of global peanut processing, are rich in flavonoids”
e4“PSFs also presented good stability and antioxidant activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut shell flavonoids showed an obvious inhibitory effect on peanut pathogens A. flavus and F. oxysporum, and on S. rolfsii and other filamentous fungi.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Interactor
- A. flavuse5pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. oxysporume5pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitory effect on peanut pathogense5
- Qualifier
- S. rolfsii and other filamentous fungie5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Peanut shells, which are agricultural waste of global peanut processing, are rich in flavonoids”
e5“displayed an obvious inhibitory effect on peanut pathogens, such as A. flavus , F. oxysporum , S. rolfsii and other filamentous fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Field application of peanut shell flavonoids promoted the growth and emergence rate of peanut seedlings.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae6
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse6
- Treatment
- application of PSFse6
- Outcome
- growth and emergence rate of peanut seedlingse6
- Direction
- promotee6
- Setting
- Field experimentse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Field experiments showed that the application of PSFs could promote the growth and emergence rate of peanut seedlings, improve root nodulation, and increase peanut yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Field application of peanut shell flavonoids improved root nodulation of peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- application of PSFse6
- Outcome
- root nodulatione6
- Direction
- improvee6
- Setting
- Field experimentse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Field experiments showed that the application of PSFs could promote the growth and emergence rate of peanut seedlings, improve root nodulation, and increase peanut yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Field application of peanut shell flavonoids increased the emergence rate of peanut by about 10 %.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae7
- Treatment
- application of PSFse6
- Outcome
- emergence ratee7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 10 %e7
- Setting
- Field experimentse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Field experiments showed that the application of PSFs could promote the growth and emergence rate of peanut seedlings, improve root nodulation, and increase peanut yield”
e7“The emergence rate and yield of peanut were increased by about 10 % and 20 %, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Field application of peanut shell flavonoids increased peanut yield by about 20 %.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae7
- Treatment
- application of PSFse6
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 20 %e7
- Setting
- Field experimentse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Field experiments showed that the application of PSFs could promote the growth and emergence rate of peanut seedlings, improve root nodulation, and increase peanut yield”
e7“The emergence rate and yield of peanut were increased by about 10 % and 20 %, respectively”
The same questions in other papers
physical treatment · quality: phytochemicals · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.